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Physical Review B

Fiske-amplified superfluid interferometry

Yuki Sato

Published May 17, 2010• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental demonstration of signal amplification for a superfluid $^{4}\text{H}\text{e}$ interferometer by allowing the matter waves from two Josephson mass current sources to interact with the resonances within the experimental cell. We characterize the interferometer using an external phase shift and demonstrate a 30-fold enhancement in intrinsic phase sensitivity. We also demonstrate a truly continuous operation of this interference device.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.81.172502

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We report an experimental demonstration of signal amplification for a superfluid 4He^{4}\text{H}\text{e}4He interferometer by allowing the matter waves from two Josephson mass current sources to interact with the resonances within the experimental cell. We characterize the interferometer using an external phase shift and demonstrate a 30-fold enhancement in intrinsic phase sensitivity. We also demonstrate a truly continuous operation of this interference device.
We present a new technique for improving the sensitivity of an interferometer, phase-shift-amplified interferometry (PAI), which is based on two embedded interferometers. The internal interferometer, which is biased in anti-phase, amplifies the phase shift; the external interferometer converts this into an amplified intensity shift. PAI can improve the sensitivity of standard interferometers by an order of magnitude or more. The theory of PAI, including its enhanced immunity to relative intensity noise, phase noise, and other post-detection noise and distortion components, is presented. We experimentally demonstrate a phase-shift amplification factor of 11.
It has long been recognized that a control current Ia injected into the section of a two- junction superconducting quantum interference device is able to produce a change of its critical current Ic, so that a current gain g = |dIc/dIa| can be identified. We investigate the circumstances under which large gains can be achieved by using vertical Josephson interferometers, which are characterized by small loop inductances. We discuss the theory of operation of such a device, its performances, and its advantages with respect to planar interferometers used in the previous works. Two potential applications are addressed.
We report the first observation of quantum interference from a grating structure consisting of four weak link junctions in superfluid 4He. We find that an interference grating can be implemented successfully in a superfluid matter wave interferometer to enhance its sensitivity while trading away some of its dynamic range. We also show that this type of device can be used to measure absolute quantum mechanical phase differences. The results demonstrate the robust nature of superfluid phase coherence arising from quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale.
We perform a detailed analysis of how an amplified interferometer can be used to enhance the quality of a dispersive qubit measurement, such as one performed on a superconducting transmon qubit, using homodyne detection on an amplified microwave signal. Our modeling makes a realistic assessment of what is possible in current circuit-QED experiments; in particular, we take into account the frequency dependence of the qubit-induced phase shift for short microwaves pulses. We compare the possible signal-to-noise ratios obtainable with (single-mode) SU(1,1) interferometers with the current coherent measurement and find a considerable reduction in measurement error probability in an experimentally accessible range of parameters.
We have developed a Josephson parametric amplifier, comprising a superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator terminated by a dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device). An external field (the pump, ∼20\sim 20∼20 GHz) modulates the flux threading the dc SQUID, and, thereby, the resonant frequency of the cavity field (the signal, ∼10\sim 10∼10 GHz), which leads to parametric signal amplification. We operated the amplifier at different band centers, and observed amplification (17 dB at maximum) and deamplification depending on the relative phase between the pump and the signal. The noise temperature is estimated to be less than 0.87 K.