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Physical Review Letters

Superfluid He4 Quantum Interference Grating

Yuki Sato, Aditya Joshi, R. E. Packard

Published Aug 22, 2008• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the first observation of quantum interference from a grating structure consisting of four weak link junctions in superfluid 4He. We find that an interference grating can be implemented successfully in a superfluid matter wave interferometer to enhance its sensitivity while trading away some of its dynamic range. We also show that this type of device can be used to measure absolute quantum mechanical phase differences. The results demonstrate the robust nature of superfluid phase coherence arising from quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.101.085302

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We report the first observation of quantum interference from a grating structure consisting of four weak link junctions in superfluid 4He. We find that an interference grating can be implemented successfully in a superfluid matter wave interferometer to enhance its sensitivity while trading away some of its dynamic range. We also show that this type of device can be used to measure absolute quantum mechanical phase differences. The results demonstrate the robust nature of superfluid phase coherence arising from quantum mechanics on a macroscopic scale.
We report an experimental demonstration of signal amplification for a superfluid 4He^{4}\text{H}\text{e}4He interferometer by allowing the matter waves from two Josephson mass current sources to interact with the resonances within the experimental cell. We characterize the interferometer using an external phase shift and demonstrate a 30-fold enhancement in intrinsic phase sensitivity. We also demonstrate a truly continuous operation of this interference device.
Abstract A field, which mediates entanglement between two quantum systems, must be of quantum nature. Attempts to witness this way quantumlike features of the gravitational field with tabletop experiments are actively studied recently, in particular by considering to look at two masses in a superposition in two locations, each in one interferometer. Entanglement intervention is probed when the interferometers are put side by side. If the masses interact only via Newtonian attraction, and still some degree of entanglement is found, than the gravitational field must be quantum like, or at least non-classical. The masses considered are mesoscopic, 10–14 Kg to 10–12 Kg, and in one proposal Mach–Zehnder interferometry is considered. Liquid He4 is superfluid below 2.17 K, and shows macroscopic quantum behaviour, in particular matter interferometry, as in the Superfluid He Quantum Inteference Device—SHeQUID. With its Josephson junctions as slits, the SHeQUID parallels a Mach–Zehnder. In this case the matter quantities involved are macroscopic, 10–8 Kg. We propose and analize the feasibility of a scheme on the lines of the above, where the matter field is given by superfluid He4, and the Mach–Zehnder’s are two SHeQUID, put side by side. We find that the proposed experiment is feasible, using only well demonstrated methods and technologies, with no need to extensions beyond the current frontiers.
A field, which mediates entanglement between two quantum systems, must be of quantum nature. Attempts to witness this way quantumlike features of the gravitational field with tabletop experiments are actively studied recently, in particular by considering to look at two masses in a superposition in two locations, each in one interferometer. Entanglement intervention is probed when the interferometers are put side by side. If the masses interact only via Newtonian attraction, and still some degree of entanglement is found, than the gravitational field must be quantum like, or at least non-classical. The masses considered are mesoscopic, 10-14 Kg to 10-12 Kg, and in one proposal Mach-Zehnder interferometry is considered. Liquid He4 is superfluid below 2.17 K, and shows macroscopic quantum behaviour, in particular matter interferometry, as in the Superfluid He Quantum Inteference Device - SHeQUID. With its Josephson junctions as slits, the SHeQUID parallels a Mach-Zehnder. In this case the matter quantities involved are macroscopic, 10-8 Kg. We propose and analize the feasibility of a scheme on the lines of the above, where the matter field is given by superfluid He4, and the Mach-Zehnder's are two SHeQUID, put side by side. We find that the proposed experiment is feasible, using only well demonstrated methods and technologies, with no need to extensions beyond the current frontiers.
The phenomenon of matter-wave interference lies at the heart of quantum physics. It has been observed in various contexts in the limit of non-interacting particles as a single-particle effect. Here we observe and control matter-wave interference whose evolution is driven by interparticle interactions. In a multi-path matter-wave interferometer, the macroscopic many-body wave function of an interacting atomic Bose–Einstein condensate develops a regular interference pattern, allowing us to detect and directly visualize the effect of interaction-induced phase shifts. We demonstrate control over the phase evolution by inhibiting interaction-induced dephasing and by refocusing a dephased macroscopic matter wave in a spin-echo-type experiment. Our results show that interactions in a many-body system lead to a surprisingly coherent evolution, possibly enabling narrow-band and high-brightness matter-wave interferometers based on atom lasers.