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Journal of Chemical Education

Perspectives on the uncertainty principle and quantum reality

Lawrence S. Bartell

Published Mar 1, 1985• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A brief review of the wave function in quantum mechanics, the rationale behind the uncertainty principle, applications of uncertainty relation, and perspectives on quantum processes.
DOI
10.1021/ed062p192

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The de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory asserts that a complete characterization of an NNN-particle system is given by its wave function together with the (at-all-times-defined) positions of the particles, with the wave function always satisfying the Schrödinger equation and the positions evolving according to the deterministic "guiding equation". A complete agreement with the predictive apparatus of standard quantum mechanics, including the uncertainty principle and the probabilistic Born rule, is then said to emerge from these equations, without having to confer any special status to measurements or observers. Two key elements behind the proof of this complete agreement are absolute uncertainty and the POVM theorem. The former involves an alleged "naturally emerging, irreducible limitation on the possibility of obtaining knowledge within pilot-wave theory" and the latter establishes that the outcome distributions of all measurements are described by POVMs. Here, we argue that the derivations of absolute uncertainty and the POVM theorem depend upon the questionable assumption that "information is always configurationally grounded". We explain in detail why the offered rationale behind such an assumption is deficient and explore the consequences of having to let go of it.
After the deduction and comparison of wave motions of classical particles and quantum particles, we prove that there are two restrictions applied to both classical particles and quantum particles. Both restrictions are just to ensure energy conservation principle of the wave motion. The Heisenberg’s famous inequality was nothing to do with the measurements of particle’s position or mentum, the restriction of the inequality is just the lower limit of the wave motion. His uncertainty principle was not correct from both mathematical and physical perspective. Based on the mathematic analysis and logic reasoning process review, we conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at any time, it must be classically localized instead of non-local. Without the Copenhagen interpretations, the quantum mechanics shall still be considered complete according to EPR’s criteria which are used to verify the completeness of a physics theory. The particle-wave duality of quantum particles comes from their inner features of electric vector(s).
This article attempts to study the notion of Transcendence from the perspective of Quantum Mechanics. The Laws of Physics reveal that nature is dynamic and it is understood in terms of mathematical models and relations. Uncertainty is a fundamental feature of the Quantum reality. Quantum structural pattern is the fundamental nature of reality, whether observable or unobservable. Transcendence in Quantum Mechanics is a dynamic concept which must be understood in terms of dynamic state. Transcendencein Quantum Mechanics is the process of uncovering deep treasures of the reality, which is dynamic. A movement toward the deeper reality of God is what is behind the notion of transcendence.