After the deduction and comparison of wave motions of classical particles and quantum particles, we prove that there are two restrictions applied to both classical particles and quantum particles. Both restrictions are just to ensure energy conservation principle of the wave motion. The Heisenberg’s famous inequality was nothing to do with the measurements of particle’s position or mentum, the restriction of the inequality is just the lower limit of the wave motion. His uncertainty principle was not correct from both mathematical and physical perspective. Based on the mathematic analysis and logic reasoning process review, we conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at any time, it must be classically localized instead of non-local. Without the Copenhagen interpretations, the quantum mechanics shall still be considered complete according to EPR’s criteria which are used to verify the completeness of a physics theory. The particle-wave duality of quantum particles comes from their inner features of electric vector(s).
After the deduction and comparison of wave motions of classical particles and quantum particles, we prove that there are two restrictions applied to both classical particles and quantum particles. Both restrictions are just to ensure energy conservation principle of the wave motion. The Heisenberg’s famous inequality was nothing to do with the measurements of particle’s position or mentum, the restriction of the inequality is just the lower limit of the wave motion. His uncertainty principle was not correct from both mathematical and physical perspective. Based on the mathematic analysis and logic reasoning process review, we conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at any time, it must be classically localized instead of non-local. Without the Copenhagen interpretations, the quantum mechanics shall still be considered complete according to EPR’s criteria which are used to verify the completeness of a physics theory. The particle-wave duality of quantum particles comes from their inner features of electric vector(s).
We reexamined the Copenhagen interpretations of quantum mechanics from the perspectives of mathematical deduction, logic reasoning process and intrinsic physical nature of wave function. We conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule, and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at specific time, it must be classically localized but not non-local. Based on our analysis and deduction, the right interpretations to quantum mechanics were also developed.
A thorough investigation was conducted for the proof process of Heisenberg’s famous inequality. It is apparent that any particle, no matter a classical or a quantum particle, as long as in wave motion, its dp always has an upper limit and a lower limit, which results in the product of dp and dx has both upper and lower limits. The Heisenberg’s inequality is nothing to do with measurement accuracy but related to energy conservation. A new deduction method for a spinning electron revolving on an orbit around a nucleus was developed based on our recently developed theory of spin vector in motion behaving particle-wave duality. The electron’s motion equation is same as Schrodinger equation while with a different energy constant j which is related to the spin vector’s motion features such as the mass of the object, the spin period and revolution period, the orbit shape and size. The new deduction process of Schrodinger equation will help explain the dilemma of the quantum mechanics.
Interpreting quantum mechanics is a hard problem basically because it means explaining why and how the mathematics exploited to formulate wave-particle duality are related to observations or reality in classical physics (due to Newtonian mechanics, special relativity, gravity and entropy). Here, we first prove the limitation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle by invoking the wave-particle duality and apply it to revise and/or extend the Copenhagen postulates. In particular, even though the said uncertainty exists due to non-commuting operators, but these operators do not commute simply because one of the operators is well-defined in classical physics (particle-like), while the other is wave-like (well-defined in quantum mechanics), or the eigenvalue is not at all defined in classical physics. We also construct a new quantum mechanical postulate (Postulate 9) to deduce why the forbidden gap between discrete energy levels should exist in atoms, molecules and condensed matter phases. In fact, we tackle all the problems arising from the Copenhagen interpretation without violating established experiments and without proposing ideas that violate physical reality.
In a complete quantum theory, one would construct it based on what we can observe in a system and operationally define in our universe. This philosophy goes back to some of the original ideals of quantum theory defined by W. Heisenberg, N. Bohr, and others as part of the Copenhagen school of thought. We argue in this letter that that if one wishes to construct a complete quantum field theory, that it is most natural to construct it based on a nonlocal theory of observable principles. If this interpretation is valid, then the one-particle nonrelativistic limit that recovers quantum mechanics would as well be dynamically nonlocal. In this interpretation we derive the nonlocal Schrödinger equation. We will as well demonstrate that the canonical position--momentum commutator and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle emerge from translation covariance.
Heisenberg argued that wave and particle are too exclusively different in properties, making the intrinsic wave-quantum unity of light impossible to visualize and describe by the language. He invented mathematical Quantum Theory to circumvent visualization and inadequacy of language. But mathematics too is a language to supplement description. He used it to superimpose hidden concepts leading to the Uncertainty Principle. In Unified Theory the wave & particle aspects of electromagnetic radiation and moving material particle coexist blended together as wave-quantum UNITY. This is also supported by experiments. The wave-or-quantum DUALITIES of Quantum Theory appear due to experimental limitations to observe only one and not both of the two aspects simultaneously. Conservation of mass & momentum are inviolable. Matter‘s creation from, or dissolution into, ‘nothing’ is unrealistic. So the Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle is rejected as unrealistic and new Principle of Null Action with universal applications is introduced. The Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Theory is reappraised critically. This paper will bring out and rectify the unreality of Heisenberg-Bohr [1] approach and also explain from sharmon medium of the Unified Theory [2], the Wave-Quantum 'unity' appearing as Wave-or-Quantum 'duality', which the Quantum Theory was all about but could not explain satisfactorily. The Uncertainty Principle will be rejected as unrealistic and a new Principle of Null Action with universal applications introduced. The Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Theory will be critically reappraised. 1. The objective reality exists irrespective of the observer We observe an object through the signals, emanating or reflected from it, received by our senses and interpreted by the brain/mind. The human senses and intellect have their own limitations and the mediating signals themselves introduce some distortion or uncertainty of observation. It turns precise objective reality into imprecise subjective appearance. Heisenberg [1] made the subjective imprecision as the very nature of things and based his Quantum Theory on the observer's imprecise view of the intrinsically precise physical reality. But the physical objects, phenomena and events, which their theories purport to describe, do not actually need any observer for their existence and are, in fact, governed by NOT the observed but actual magnitudes of their physical parameters like energy, momentum, time, length etc. For instance, the moon or distant galaxies or invisible submicroscopic particles exist not only during the attention of the viewer but also without an observer. In order to formulate physical laws in terms of the observed or measured magnitudes, the Quantum Theory is erroneously based on “what can be known”, instead of on “what actually there is”, in the objective reality. That is on the observed, and not on the actual magnitudes, putting the observer's imprecise view super-most in derogation of the inherent precision in the observed objective reality. 2. Wave-or-Quantum duality of matter & radiation in Quantum Theory Heisenberg [1] noted with scientific curiosity and concern that the -rays emitted from radioactive elements showed definite tracks in Wilson photographs like fast moving particles.
When we are presented with apparently bizarre properties of microsystems governed by quantum mechanics (as in our discussion of the double-slit experiment in the previous chapter), we naturally ask whether it might be possible to find another theory, or at least another story to go with the equations, that would make more sense to us. We might seek a theory and a view of fundamental physical processes that would accord more with our classically based, everyday common sense. This typically takes the form of the question of the possibility of the existence of a more detailed description of atomic processes than that afforded by the wave function (that is, by the Copenhagen interpretation of the previous chapter). In this chapter we discuss some of the central interpretive problems of the Copenhagen version of quantum mechanics. Then, in the next two chapters, we look at the severe, general restrictions that are placed on any such completion of quantum mechanics and at one particular extension of quantum mechanics. First, though, we begin here with the struggle that ensued over the status of causality in quantum theory. THE COMPLETENESS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS Although the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Section 20.4) and the lack of absolute predictive power are an inherent feature of quantum mechanics, there have been attempts to preserve an in principle completely deterministic structure for physics. Even classically, in a macroscopic sample of gas there are so many molecules that it would be hopeless, as a practical matter, to predict the future locations of all these molecules from Newton's laws of motion.