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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Broadening and shift of the sodium 3S-4D and 3S-5S two-photon lines perturbed by noble gases

F. Biraben, Bernard Cagnac, E. Giacobino, G. Grynberg

Published Aug 21, 1977• 45 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Investigates experimentally the broadening and the shift of the sodium 3S-4D and 3S-5S two-photon transitions without Doppler broadening by collisions with the noble gases. The broadening cross section is larger for the 3S-5S transition than for the 3S-4D transition. The experimental values for the 3S-5S transition are compared with semiclassical calculations using the van der Waals potential and the potentials calculated by Pascale and Vandeplanque (1974).

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/10/12/015

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Investigates experimentally the broadening and the shift of the sodium 3S-4D and 3S-5S two-photon transitions without Doppler broadening by collisions with the noble gases. The broadening cross section is larger for the 3S-5S transition than for the 3S-4D transition. The experimental values for the 3S-5S transition are compared with semiclassical calculations using the van der Waals potential and the potentials calculated by Pascale and Vandeplanque (1974).
The sodium atom is excited selectively in the 4D3/2 or 4D 5/2 level using Doppler-free two-photon absorption. We analyse the fluorescence in intensity and polarization in presence of noble gas atoms. We measure the cross-sections corresponding to the transfer of population between 4D3/2 and 4D5/2 and between 4D and 4F, the relaxation of alignment in both fine sublevels and the transfer of alignment. In particular, we have observed a transfer of alignment in the case of helium and neon perturbers.
Our recent treatment [Phys. Rev. A 18, 1066 (1978)] of the broadening and shift of alkali-metal-atom two-photon $S\ensuremath{-}S$ transitions is applied to the Na $3S\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{nS}$ transitions ($n=6\ensuremath{-}9$) perturbed by Ar, Kr, and Xe rare gases. Comparison with recent experimental data [A. Flusberg et al., Phys. Rev. A 19, 1607 (1979)] on the Na-Ar pair for $n\ensuremath{\le}7$ shows good agreement. However, for transitions to n>8n>8n>8 the calculated pressure effects no longer agree well with experimental data; presumably the pressure effects cannot be adequately described by a simple two-body long-range impact theory.
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the sodium-helium interaction and report results of quantum close-coupled calculations for the pressure-broadened widths and shifts of the sodium D lines and the 819.48 nm line over the temperature range 70-500 K, and for the total and fine-structure cross sections in the 3p 2 P level. We also present the first theoretical investigation of the hyperfine pressure shifts using a semiclassical scattering formalism and report results for the hyperfine transition in the 3s 2 S 1/2 ground state over the temperature range 70-1000 K. Finally, we calculate the refractive index of helium for sodium matter waves with velocities up to 2000 m s -1 . Several of the calculations were performed using two versions of the adiabatic molecular potentials of Peach (Peach G 1996 unpublished) and the results compared with those obtained using the l -dependent pseudo-potentials of Pascale (Pascale J 1985 XIII Summer School on Quantum Optics ed J Fiutak and J Mizerski pp 39-91) and Peach (Peach G 1996 unpublished). Detailed comparisons with other theoretical calculations and experimental results are also made.
Doppler free two photon absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the pressure broadening and frequency shift rates of the 5S1/2 (F = 3) → 5D5/2 (F = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) (778.105 nm) and the 5S1/2 (F = 2) → 7S1/2 (F = 2) (760.126 nm) two photon transitions in 85Rb by the noble gases and N2. To our knowledge, these rates are reported on for the first time. The self-broadening and shift rate of the 5S1/2 (F = 3) → 5D5/2 (F = 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) transition and self -broadening rate of the 5S1/2 (F = 2) → 7S1/2 (F = 2) transition were also measured. The temperature dependence of the self-frequency shift (Rb-Rb collisions) of these transitions is presented. Helium diffusion rates through Quartz and Pyrex cells are also calculated and the implication of helium diffusion through glass vapor cells is discussed in regards to atomic frequency standards based on these transitions. Experimental pressure broadening and shift rates are compared to theoretically calculated rates assuming a 6, 8 or 6, 8, 10 difference potential and pseudo potential model. Reasonable agreement is achieved between experimental and theoretical values.