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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Research on all-optical switching in C 60

Ruibo Wang, Fengyun Guo, Chunfei Li

Published Aug 5, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

All-optical switching in C60 has been studied using pump-and-probe method. The switching process is attributed to excited-state absorption of C60 molecules. Simulated results of the switching behaviors are obtained from a five-level model, which agree well with the experimental data.
DOI
10.1117/12.182141

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The dynamic processes of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in a solution of C60 are studied in detail by use of rate equations and the light-propagation equation for a five-energy-level model. The RSA experimental results for C60 in toluene solution with a nanosecond–picosecond Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm are consistent with the theoretical simulations. Effects of sample concentration and thickness on RSA and contributions of the singlet and triplet excited states to RSA for various laser-pulse widths and wavelengths are also analyzed. Finally, an all-optical switch based on excited-state nonlinear absorption and the pump-probe technique is implemented.
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The main achievements in our research on the physical phenomena of the excited-state nonlinear absorption in a molecular system and its applications in photonic technology are described. In the first part of this paper, some energy-level models and rate-equations are used to explain various mechanisms of the excited-state nonlinear absorption under different conditions, such as reverse saturable absorption caused by the triplet and/or the singlet excited-state absorption; saturable absorption due to the first and/or the second singlet excited-state absorption; and the excited-state nonlinear absorption induced by two-photon absorption. The experimental results for metal-organic and C 60 materials irradiated by ps and ns laser pulses are consistent with the simulated curves of the transmittance versus fluences. In the second part, the applications of excited-state nonlinear absorption in photonic techniques including optical bistability, optical switching, optical limiting, optical modulation, optical logic and optical storage are introduced. The working principles of the photonic devices based on the excited-state nonlinear absorption are presented. The experimental characteristic curves are found in good agreement with the theoretical simulations for these devices.
Progress in optical computing, optical communication and optical information processing depends on a large extent of the availability of fast all-optical switches. Most of the all-optical switches utilize nonlinear FP cavity1,2,3. Its absorptive loss is very large because of working on the resonant wavelength, and the switching time is districted by the response time of cavity. In 1990 K. W. Beeson4 presented a novel all-optical switch based on the triplet-triplet absorption in Eosin Y using a CW laser as a pump beam, and obtained μs scale switching time. We developed this kind of switches in C605 whose switch off time was about 250 ns which depends on the lifetime of the first triplet excited state.