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Russian Physics Journal

Specific Features of the Kinetics of Atoms in a Three-Dimensional Bichromatic Standing Wave

I. V. Krasnov, Sergey P. Polyutov

Published Apr 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1023/b:rupj.0000042777.33539.da

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This chapter provides a brief review of the recent theoretical and experimental results of channeling of atoms in the standing wave. It considers the channeling (one dimensional localization) of atoms in two configurations of the laser fields: a monochromatic and a bichromatic one dimensional laser fields. A quasi resonant monochromatic laser field creates a spatially periodic potential field with a period equal to a half of the wavelength. When atomic beam crosses standing wave and atoms have a low enough kinetic energy, they are guided into the channels where they move along the channel and oscillate in the transverse direction. To detect this channeling the atoms have been chosen themselves as probes of their position. A scheme of a cooling of atoms through their channeling is based on the adiabatic lowering the standing wave intensity.
We have investigated the localization of atoms in two configurations of laser fields: monochromatic and bichromatic standing waves. A quasi resonant monochromatic laser field creates a spatially periodic potential field with period equal to half of the wavelength. If the atomic kinetic energy is less than the height of the potential wells then atoms could be trapped in the wells. The motion of atoms in a standing wave is governed by the gradient force, friction force, and momentum diffusion. We studied one dimensional localization of sodium atoms in such a standing wave, as well as the influence of friction and diffusion on the motion of these atoms. The effect of accumulation of atoms at the bottom of potential wells (nodes of a standing wave) was observed. This leads to a new scheme of laser cooling of atoms with a minimum temperature below the Doppler limit.
The kinetics of atoms in a bichromatic field formed by waves with an arbitrary elliptical polarisation is considered. Analytical expressions are derived for the force and the friction and diffusion coefficients within the model of an atom with the j g = 1/2 → j e = 3/2 optical transition. These expressions are presented in the general form as an expansion in gradients of light field parameters. Some specific features of the kinetics of atoms are found, which are due to the interference contributions to the friction and diffusion coefficients. The kinetics of atoms in the field of an optical lattice formed as a result of the interference of a wave with a uniform elliptical polarisation and a nonuniformly polarised dissipative field is analysed.