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Modern Physics Letters B

SPLITTING AND TRAPPING OF BOSE-CONDENSED GASES IN MULTI-WELLS

M. Liu, Liu Wen, L. SHE, A. X. CHEN, Hongwei Xiong, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Mar 20, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For the Bose-condensed gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice, several far-off resonant laser beams are used to split and trap the matter wavepacket after switching off both the magnetic trap and optical lattices. In the presence of two far-off resonant laser beams which are not symmetric about the centre of the matter wavepacket, we propose an experimental scheme to observe the collision between two side peaks after switching off the magnetic trap and optical lattice. We also discuss an experimental scheme to realize a coherent splitting and trapping of the matter wavepacket which has potential application in atom optics.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984905008244

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For a Bose-condensed gas in a combined potential consisting of an axially-symmetric harmonic magnetic trap and one-dimensional (1D) optical lattices, the motional interference side peaks along the axis direction are formed after the combined potential is switched off. Based on this physical system, we make a new experimental suggestion which can be realized with current experimental technique to investigate the side peak superposition and discuss the second interference and amplification effect of a Bose condensate. In the region where the side peaks undergo constructive interference, the density of condensed atomic cloud will be amplified effectively.
Precision interferometry with atomic wavepackets confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice is an emergent paradigm in quantum sensing of forces and fields, with applications in gravimetry, accelerometry, geophysics, and fundamental physics tests. We report on the realization of a lattice-trapped interferometer where the two arms are sourced from a weakly-interacting ytterbium Bose-Einstein condensate, coherently split and trapped by pulsed optical standing waves before recombination. We directly observe atomic interactions through contrast changes and phase shifts of the interferometer. By changing either the atom number or the sample volume to vary the density, we demonstrate control over interactions and optimize interferometer performance. Our observations are effectively captured by a mean-field theoretical model of the system. This work experimentally probes the boundary where improved performance from source brightening through higher phase space density transitions into a regime beyond single-atom physics in lattice-trapped atom interferometry, and opens a door to incorporating many-body effects for metrological advances in such platforms.
Experiments on atomic Bose-Einstein condensates inside quasi-one-dimensional optical lattices and related developments in the realization of atom lasers are currently at the frontiers in atomic physics. We give a short review of theoretical progress in evaluating the coherent transport of matter in such configurations, which has been based on an adaptation of the Wannier function representation of quasi-particle states in periodic potentials and on the use of advanced numerical methods for the solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We present various methods by which the band structure of the elementary excitations of a periodic condensate may be probed and describe in terms of Bloch oscillations the coherent emission of matter pulses from a condensate inside an optical lattice under the force of gravity. A harmonic force can be applied to a condensate inside a magnetic trap by a rapid displacement of the center of the trap and a transition of the condensate from superfluid to dissipative behavior is driven by superposing an optical lattice. Finally, in the superfluid regime the combination of a constant force and a harmonic force in the presence of an optical lattice drives Josephson-type oscillations of the condensate, leading to observable resonances and multimode behavior.