On the energy-time uncertainty relation. Part I: Dynamical time and time indeterminacy

Paul Busch

Abdulsalam Al-Mayahi

Robert Warren Finkel

The mathematical content of the uncertainty principle is contained in special states akin to, and including, states of minimum uncertainty. Specific uncertainty relations are produced by averaging observables in these states. The approach is shown to give more flexible and complete expressions of indeterminacy than the familiar generalized Heisenberg inequality: statistical measures other than variances can be employed, the method is not limited to describing uncertainties in terms of products of statistical dispersions, and the resulting inequalities have the most stringent bounds attainable independent of the system state. Applications are then made to find uncertainty relations for position-momentum average displacements from the means, time-energy indeterminacy, and uncertainties in angular momentum components.

Yakir Aharonov, David Böhm

An answer is given to a recent criticizm by Fock, concerning our paper "Time in the Quantum Theory and the Uncertainty Relation for Time and Energy." It is proved that Fock's criticizm is wrong, and that our previous conclusion that energy can be measured in an arbitrarily short period of time is valid.

E. P. Wigner