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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Response of a two-level system to a narrow-band light excitation completely modulated in amplitude

S. Feneuille, Marie-Gabrielle Schweighofer, Guy Oliver

Published Aug 21, 1976• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By studying the response of a two-level system to a narrow-band light excitation completely modulated in amplitude, a new manifestation of the dynamical Stark effect is predicted. It can be observed not only through the modulation rate or the phaseshift of the scattered light but also through the mean total intensity. Thus its experimental observation should be particularly easy.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/9/12/012

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Resonance fluorescence spectrum of intense amplitude modulated laser light

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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jul 28, 1980•47 citations
By studying the response of a two-level system to a narrow-band light excitation completely modulated in amplitude, a new manifestation of the dynamical Stark effect is predicted. It can be observed not only through the modulation rate or the phaseshift of the scattered light but also through the mean total intensity. Thus its experimental observation should be particularly easy.
The influence of relaxation parameters, as well as temporal fluctuations in the laser field on the modulation rate and phaseshift of the fluorescence from a two-level atom excited by a weakly modulated source is studied in detail. It is shown that, for intense resonant laser fields, the resonance in the modulation rate occurs at the modulation frequency Omega =2 due to the dynamical Stark splitting and has a width equal to 1 / 2 (T 1 -1 +T 2 -1 ). When temporal fluctuations of the exciting laser field are taken into account, the phaseshift of the scattered light is found to be strongly dependent on the bandwidth of the exciting source, as well as the frequency of modulation; hence experimental results on the determination of the lifetime by the phaseshift method have to be interpreted carefully. Numerical results for the modulation rates and phaseshift at different field strengths and various values of T 1 -1 , T 2 -1 , Delta laser bandwidth and Doppler broadening are presented.
For pt.I see ibid., vol.12, no.12, p.1939 (1979). The modulated fluorescence in an optical double resonance experiment, i.e. when an atom interacts with two intense monochromatic laser beams each of which is weakly modulated in amplitude at frequency Omega , is studied in detail. The modulation rate corresponding to the steady-state population of the highest atomic level exhibits resonant structures at the modulation frequencies Omega =0, +or- alpha 0 , +or-2 alpha 0 due to the dynamical Stark splitting of the various energy levels; alpha 0 being related to the Rabi frequencies alpha 1 and alpha 2 associated with the two lasers and the two atomic transitions, by alpha 0 2 = mod alpha 1 mod 2 + mod alpha 2 mod 2 . The peak at Omega =+or- alpha 0 is the most intense and exhibits splitting when the applied fields are detuned from exact resonance with the respective atomic frequencies. Resonances are observed in the modulation rate of the intermediate-level population at the modulation frequencies Omega =0, +or-2 alpha 0 . In the presence of detunings of the applied fields, additional resonant structures occur at Omega =+or- alpha 0 which increase in magnitude with higher detunings and split. Explicit expressions for the positions, widths and weights of these resonant components are obtained analytically for intense, resonant fields. Numerical results for general values of the laser field strengths and the detunings are given.
On the basis of a stochastic model of Burshtein et al. (1967) which assumes the phases, frequencies and/or amplitudes of the radiation field to constitute a randomly time-varying jump-like Markoff process, a generalisation of Mollow's theory (1975) of the dynamic Stark effect is formulated leading to predictions for the resonant scattering spectrum for a two-level atom quite similar to those published in the work of Agarwal (1976), of Eberly (1976) and of Kimble et al. (1977) who use a different approach. Apparently, the general form of the resonant scattering spectrum in a modulated radiation field depends less strongly on the particular stochastic model of the laser light than might be expected.