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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Low-temperature homogeneous linewidths of Yb3+ in inorganic glasses

Richard T. Brundage, William M. Yen

Published Mar 15, 1986• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the homogeneous linewidth of the $^{2}\mathrm{F}_{5/2}$(1)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{2}$${\mathrm{F}}_{7/2}$(1) transition of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}$ in silicate and phosphate glasses using fluorescence line narrowing between 6.5 and 70 K. The linewidth is observed to vary as ${T}^{1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ at high temperature, changing to ${T}^{1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ below 40 K. This behavior is compared to that observed in other systems and examined in light of current theories of dephasing in disordered systems.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.33.4436

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Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 26, 2016•28 citations
We have measured the homogeneous linewidth of the 2F5/2^{2}\mathrm{F}_{5/2}2F5/2​(1){\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{2}$${\mathrm{F}}_{7/2}(1) transition of Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ in silicate and phosphate glasses using fluorescence line narrowing between 6.5 and 70 K. The linewidth is observed to vary as T1.9\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1{T}^{1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}T1.9\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1 at high temperature, changing to T1.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1{T}^{1.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}T1.3\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi0.1 below 40 K. This behavior is compared to that observed in other systems and examined in light of current theories of dephasing in disordered systems.
Homogeneous and inhomogeneous spectral linewidths of the ${(}^{2}{F}_{5/2}{)}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{(}^{2}{F}_{7/2}{)}_{1}$ transition in Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses are determined by fitting Voigt profiles to the inhomogeneously broadened emission and absorption spectra between 10 and 300 K. The homogeneous linewidth varied as $(12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{T}^{(1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1)}\mathrm{MHz}$ for emission and $(10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{T}^{1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ for absorption over the entire temperature range, similar to that of other rare-earth-doped systems previously studied by fluorescence line narrowing and photon echoes. The inhomogeneous linewidths were nearly independent of temperature, but different by $\ensuremath{\sim}30%$ between emission and absorption. The structural and dynamic properties in this disordered system are discussed.
Resonance-fluorescence-line-narrowing studies have been performed on a representative group of Er3+ -doped glasses for excitation in both the 1530 and 980-nm bands at 4.2, 77, 200, and 300 K. Fluorozirconate, fluorophosphate, phosphate, silicate, Ge/P-doped and A1/P-doped silica preforms, and Al/P-doped and Ge-doped fibers were examined. At 77 K the homogeneous linewidths were found to be relatively insensitive to composition. In particular, they vary from 1.4 to 1.8 cm-1 for the different hosts using excitation at 1531 nm. At 300 K weak resonant features were observed in most samples, consistent with a small inhomogeneous contribution to a predominantly homogeneous fluorescence emission.
Optical dephasing and specific heat measurements were performed on two rare-earth-doped silicate glasses. The effective homogeneous linewidth of the optical transition, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{hom}}$ was compared to the two-level-system (TLS) contribution to the specific heat, CvTLS{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{v}}^{\mathrm{TLS}}CvTLS​, between 0.4 and 12 K. Both ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{hom}}$ and CvTLS{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{v}}^{\mathrm{TLS}}CvTLS​ vary as ${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ with the same value of \ensuremath{\alpha} for a given rare-earth/glass sample, but with different \ensuremath{\alpha} for the two samples (\ensuremath{\alpha}=1.3 for the Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+/glass, \ensuremath{\alpha}=1.0 for Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+/glass). From the ratio of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{\mathrm{hom}}$ to CvTLS{\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{v}}^{\mathrm{TLS}}CvTLS​ for each glass, it appears that the coupling strengths to the TLS for each rare-earth optical transition are similar, but that the density of TLS differ due to their different compositions.
We have used time-resolved fluorescence line narrowing to study energy transfer among Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ ions in a silicate glass as a function of energy mismatch between donors and acceptors and temperature from 4.2 to 51 K. The observed spectra are consistent with a one-phonon-assisted multipolar interaction between Yb3+{\mathrm{Yb}}^{3+}Yb3+ ions with a variation with site separation of ${r}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}13}$. These results are compared to that reported for other rare-earth-ion transitions in glasses and crystals.
The $^{2}F_{7/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}^{2}F_{5/2}$ optical transitions of Yb3+\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}Yb3+ doped into Y3Al5O12{\mathrm{Y}}_{3}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}Y3​Al5​O12​ (YAG) were studied for potential quantum information and photonic signal processing applications. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy located the energy levels of the ground 2F7/2^{2}F_{7/2}2F7/2​ and excited 2F5/2^{2}F_{5/2}2F5/2​ manifolds, allowing inconsistencies between previous assignments of crystal field splittings in the literature to be resolved. These measurements reveal an unusually large splitting between the first and second levels in both the ground and excited multiplets, potentially providing for reduced sensitivity to thermally induced decoherence and spin-lattice relaxation. Spectral hole burning through two-level saturation was observed, determining the excited state lifetime to be 860 \ensuremath{\mu}s and resolving ambiguities in previous fluorescence measurements that were caused by the large radiation trapping effects in this material. Optical decoherence measurements using two-pulse photon echoes gave a homogeneous linewidth of 18 kHz for an applied magnetic field of 1 T, narrowing to 5 kHz at 2.5 T. The observed decoherence was described by spectral diffusion attributed to $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ magnetic dipole interactions. Laser absorption determined an inhomogeneous linewidth of 3.6 GHz for this transition in this 0.05%-doped crystal, which is narrower than for any other rare-earth-ion transition previously studied in the YAG host. The temperature dependence of the transition energy and linewidth of the lowest 2F7/2^{2}F_{7/2}2F7/2​ to lowest 2F5/2^{2}F_{5/2}2F5/2​ transition centered at 968.571 nm measured from 4 K to 300 K was well described by phonon scattering at higher temperatures, with an additional anomalous linear temperature-dependent broadening at temperatures below 80 K. Two magnetically inequivalent subgroups of Yb3+\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}Yb3+ ions were identified when a magnetic field was applied along the $\ensuremath{\langle}111\ensuremath{\rangle}$ axis, as expected for the D2{D}_{2}D2​ sites in the cubic symmetry crystal, with ground and excited state effective ggg-values of gg=3.40{g}_{\mathrm{g}}=3.40gg​=3.40 (3.34) and ge=1.04{g}_{\mathrm{e}}=1.04ge​=1.04 (2.01), respectively. Together with the convenient diode laser wavelength of this transition, our study suggests that Yb3+\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}Yb3+:YAG is a promising material system for spectral hole burning and quantum information applications.