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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Non-Markovian Tunneling-Induced Dephasing in InP Quantum Dots

Yasuaki Masumoto, Fumitaka Suto, Michio Ikezawa, Chikako Uchiyama, Masaki Aihara

Published Nov 15, 2005• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A highly sensitive heterodyne-detected photon echo enabled us to observe the signal from one layer of neutral self-assembled InP quantum dots under an electric field. The photon echo signal dramatically increased when charged InP quantum dots were neutralized with the application of negative electric bias. This fact suggests the hypothesis that charged quantum dots do not produce the photon echo. With the further increase of negative electric bias, photoluminescence was quenched and the photon echo decayed faster. The photon echo showed tunneling-induced dephasing and decayed nonexponentially, reflecting the non-Markovian nature of the tunneling process.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.74.2933

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A highly sensitive heterodyne-detected photon echo enabled us to observe the signal from one layer of neutral self-assembled InP quantum dots under an electric field. The photon echo signal dramatically increased when charged InP quantum dots were neutralized with the application of negative electric bias. This fact suggests the hypothesis that charged quantum dots do not produce the photon echo. With the further increase of negative electric bias, photoluminescence was quenched and the photon echo decayed faster. The photon echo showed tunneling-induced dephasing and decayed nonexponentially, reflecting the non-Markovian nature of the tunneling process.
We investigate the dephasing mechanism of optically-induced exciton coherence in an ensemble of InAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) using a two-pulse photon-echo (PE) technique. The sample was fabricated on an InP (311)B substrate using strain compensation to control the emission wavelength. This technique also enabled us to fabricate a 150-layer stacked QD structure for enhancing the PE signal intensity. We show the measured decay time of PE signal intensity for resonant excitation of ground-state transition is extremely long, which corresponds to ultralong coherence times of excitons in our QDs. We confirmed that non-radiative population relaxation and pure dephasing are considerably smaller than the radiative relaxation at low temperature. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ultrafast coherent control of QD exciton polarization by changing the pulse areas (Rabi oscillations) in the PE experiment. We also propose a new scheme for implementing QD quantum memory by using the PE technique.
A heterodyne-detected accumulated photon-echo spectroscopy has been applied for the first time to the study of the excitonic dephasing dynamics in CuCl spherical quantum dots embedded in a glass matrix; this spectroscopy has the advantage that a hole-burning spectrum can be extracted from the Fourier-cosine transformation of the signal profile. Owing to this advantage, we reveal that an anomalously slow rise of the time-integrated echo signal at low temperatures, which was also observed in the previous ordinary photon-echo spectroscopy but the origin was left unknown, is caused by a spectral antihole. From the decay (single exponential one) part of the signal which is found to be not influenced by this anomaly, we have obtained rich unambiguous information about the dephasing time T 2 such as the temperature dependence, which is found to be essentially the same as the previous one that one might cast some doubt on.
The ability to extend the time scale of the coherent optical response from large ensembles of quantum emitters is highly appealing for applications in quantum information devices. In semiconductor nanostructures, spin degrees of freedom can be used as auxiliary, powerful tools to modify the coherent optical dynamics. Here, we apply this approach to negatively charged (In,Ga)As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots which are considered as excellent quantum emitters with robust optical coherence and high bandwidth. We study 3-pulse spin-dependent photon echoes subject to moderate transverse magnetic fields up to 1 T. We demonstrate that the timescale of coherent optical response can be extended by at least an order of magnitude by the field. Without magnetic field, the photon echo decays with T2T_ 2T2​ = 0.45 ns which is determined by the radiative lifetime of trions T1T_1T1​ = 0.27 ns. In the presence of the transverse magnetic field, the decay of the photon echo signal is given by spin dephasing time of the ensemble of resident electrons T2,eT_{2,e}T2,e​ ~ 4 ns. We demonstrate that the non-zero transverse g-factor of the heavy holes in the trion state plays a crucial role in the temporal evolution and magnetic field dependence of the long-lived photon echo signal.
We have performed time-integrated degenerate four-wave mixing experiments in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots. The quantum dots are excited in resonance with an intersublevel transition between the valence states of the dots. The dephasing time T2{T}_{2}T2​ is deduced from the time dependence of the photon echo amplitude as a function of the delay between the two incident pulses. At low temperature, a dephasing time T2{T}_{2}T2​ of 15 ps is measured for a resonant excitation at 7.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m wavelength. This dephasing corresponds to an homogeneous broadening of the intersublevel transition of 87 \ensuremath{\mu}eV. The polarization decay time is much longer than the one observed for resonant intersubband excitations in quantum wells. The dephasing time of the intersublevel polarization exhibits only a weak temperature dependence, indicating that the dephasing is not dominated by phonon-assisted scattering mechanisms.
Semiconductor quantum dots are excellent candidates for ultrafast coherent manipulation of qubits by laser pulses on picosecond timescales or even faster. In inhomogeneous ensembles a macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing, which, however, is reversible in photon echoes carrying complete information about the coherent ensemble dynamics. Control of the echo emission time is mandatory for applications. Here, we propose a novel concept to reach this goal. In a two-pulse photon echo sequence, we apply an additional resonant control pulse with multiple of 2pi area. Depending on its arrival time, the control slows down dephasing or rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its action. We demonstrate for self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots that the photon echo emission time can be retarded or advanced by 5 ps relative to its nominal appearance time without control. This versatile protocol may be used to obtain significantly longer temporal shifts for suitably tailored control pulses.