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Physical Review E

Magnetic field diagnostics of plasmas based on coherent population trapping: Theory and experiment

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, I. V. Zelensky, Roman L. Kolesov, Elena Kuznetsova

Published Mar 30, 2004• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a local, all-optical method of magnetic field diagnostics for plasmas. This method is based on the phenomenon of coherent population trapping in a multilevel medium. The proposed technique allows one to detect both the strength and the orientation of the field. The feasibility of the method was tested in a proof-of-principle experiment in a low-pressure neon discharge.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.69.036409

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Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. A. Kuznetsova, "Magnetic field diagnostics in plasmas using coherent population trapping," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2003), paper WQQ5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

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We propose a local, all-optical method of magnetic field diagnostics for plasmas. This method is based on the phenomenon of coherent population trapping in a multilevel medium. The proposed technique allows one to detect both the strength and the orientation of the field. The feasibility of the method was tested in a proof-of-principle experiment in a low-pressure neon discharge.
Coherent population trapping in a gas discharge was studied for transitions between excited levels of neon atoms. Resonances corresponding to the arising of coherent population trapping in the Λ and V schemes for Zeeman sublevels of the lower and upper working states were observed in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. The effect of nonlinear polarization plane rotation under coherent population trapping conditions was studied. The possibility of using the results obtained in this work for diagnostics of local magnetic fields and other plasma parameters in gas discharges was considered.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) is theoretically examined as a magnetic-field diagnostic for high-\ensuremath{\beta} hydrogen plasma. Time-dependent quantum mechanical Bloch equations, which describe the evolution of the 2sss and 3ppp level populations of the hydrogen atom under CPT conditions, were solved numerically. When the frequency difference of two copropagating lasers equals the energy difference between the atoms' levels subject to the local magnetic field, a discernable CPT dark line in the H\ensuremath{\alpha} emission is predicted, enabling the possibility of noninvasive, localized magnetic-field measurements. The effects of fine and hyperfine level structure, Doppler broadening, plasma-generated electric fields, and degree-of-hydrogen ionization are included in the model. A shift in dark-line position of 15% of the linewidth is predicted to be caused by contributions from the entire H\ensuremath{\alpha} manifold. The laser-induced H\ensuremath{\alpha} fluorescence is estimated to be an order of magnitude stronger than the background H\ensuremath{\alpha} emission.
An analysis is presented of the feasibility of measurements of local poloidal magnetic fields in toroidal magnetic fusion devices using coherent population trapping (CPT) in hydrogen-like probing atoms. A measurement scheme is examined in which CPT suppresses the resonance fluorescence from a probing beam of light neutrals with Zeeman-split levels. Feasibility requirements for CPT in three- and five-level systems are discussed. As a result, a theory of CPT-based magnetometry is developed for a system significantly more complex than the conventional three-level Λ system. A theoretical analysis shows that this technique can be used to measure a local safety factor in a toroidal device to an accuracy of a few percent.
Summary form only given. By now there have been proposed and partly realized in experiments several optical schemes for the precise measurement of a magnetic field. Among them the most promising methods are based on atomic coherence (first proposed by Scully and Fleischhauer in 1992). In one of optical schemes the interaction with spatially separated fields was used, following to the Ramsey method. We propose a new variant of magnetometer, where the advantages of the Ramsey method are combined with the high-contrast detection provided by the coherent population trapping effect. In our scheme for the measurement of arbitrary directed magnetic field B a cell with atomic vapor is used.