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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

On an optical realization of the SU (1,1) geometric phase, and the Bolyai-Lobachevsky plane

Cs. Benedek, M. G. Benedict

Published Aug 15, 1997• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce and analyze the SU (1,1) geometric phase emerging in a series of discrete transformations in an optical ring cavity containing partial reflectors. In the theoretical description the underlying projective space is the Bolyai-Lobachevsky (B-L) plane. We show that the resulting geometric phase is equal to half of the area of an object on this plane, determined by the experimental parameters. In the case of three transformations this object is a triangle, and its sides and angles can be related to the reflection and transmission coefficients of the applied mirrors.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1997-00360-9

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We introduce and analyze the SU (1,1) geometric phase emerging in a series of discrete transformations in an optical ring cavity containing partial reflectors. In the theoretical description the underlying projective space is the Bolyai-Lobachevsky (B-L) plane. We show that the resulting geometric phase is equal to half of the area of an object on this plane, determined by the experimental parameters. In the case of three transformations this object is a triangle, and its sides and angles can be related to the reflection and transmission coefficients of the applied mirrors.
A nonstandard realization of the su(1,1) algebra is used to extract a two-parameter class of scattering potentials as well as to calculate the reflection coefficient of the associated one-dimensional scattering problem in the spirit of the algebraic scattering theory. The nontrivial geometric content of such realizations is discussed, and an interesting connection with geometric phases is pointed out. It is argued that using larger noncompact groups, realizations related to non-Abelian geometric phases may be useful for obtaining analytical expressions for interaction terms corresponding to higher-dimensional scattering problems.
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The transverse spatial structure of a paraxial beam of light is fully characterized by a set of parameters that vary only slowly under free propagation. They specify bosonic ladder operators that connect modes of different orders, in analogy to the ladder operators connecting harmonic-oscillator wave functions. The parameter spaces underlying sets of higher-order modes are isomorphic to the parameter space of the ladder operators. We study the geometry of this space and the geometric phase that arises from it. This phase constitutes the ultimate generalization of the Gouy phase in paraxial wave optics. It reduces to the ordinary Gouy phase and the geometric phase of nonastigmatic optical modes with orbital angular momentum in limiting cases. We briefly discuss the well-known analogy between geometric phases and the Aharonov–Bohm effect, which provides some complementary insights into the geometric nature and origin of the generalized Gouy phase shift. Our method also applies to the quantum-mechanical description of wave packets. It allows for obtaining complete sets of normalized solutions of the Schrödinger equation. Cyclic transformations of such wave packets give rise to a phase shift, which has a geometric interpretation in terms of the other degrees of freedom involved.
We consider a charged quantum particle living in the Lobachevsky plane and interacting with a homogeneous magnetic field perpendicular to the plane and a point interaction which is transported adiabatically along a closed loop C in the plane. We show that the bound-state eigenfunction acquires at that the Berry phase equal to 2 times the number of the flux quanta through the area encircled by C. 1 Introduction The phenomena arising from a geometric phase called Berry phase [Ber] have been put in evidence in many quantum mechanical systems. Recently such a "Berry phase effect" has been observed in some magnetic systems [LSG, MHK]. Moreover, it was shown that the geometric phase can emerge even in a time-independent homogeneous magnetic field when a potential 1 well trapping a two-dimensional particle is transported along a closed loop. An example in which the potential is of zero range is worked out in [EG], where a formula was proved showing that in the absence of an additional conf...
A basic introduction to the su(1,1) algebra is presented, in which we discuss the relation with canonical transformations, the realization in terms of quantized radiation field modes and coherent states. Instead of going into details of these topics, we rather emphasize the existing connections between them. We discuss two parametrizations of the coherent states manifold SU(1,1)/U(1): as the Poincaré disk in the complex plane and as the pseudosphere (a sphere in a Minkowskian space), and show that it is a natural phase space for quantum systems with SU(1,1) symmetry.
We develop a geometric description of quantum light in photonic time crystals on the SU(1,1) coherent-state manifold. In a projective picture, the evolution of each mode appears as a Möbius isometry on the Poincaré disk, where topologies of trajectories distinguish stable, unstable, and critical regimes. The geometric phase is related to the hyperbolic area enclosed by cyclic paths in the complex projective Hilbert space. This framework offers an intuitive view of stability and topology in quantum photonic time crystals.