Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Quantum frequency standards

Nikolai G. Basov, M A Gubin

Published Nov 1, 2000• 29 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A brief review of quantum frequency standards development since the early stage of quantum radiophysics is presented. The level of performance achieved and various applications in science and technology prove that the quantum frequency standards are a classical example of the remarkable impact of quantum radiophysics into 20th century civilization.

DOI
10.1109/2944.902135

Related papers

A Brief Subjective Perspective on the Development of Quantum Technologies 2.0

Alexandre M. Zagoskin

I trace the early developments in quantum technologies 2.0 using the example of D-Wave Systems and discuss the key problems which must be solved before these technologies can be brought to fruition.

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Apr 2, 2019•1 citation

Current status and development prospects of quantum frequency standards (review)

Anatoly S. Bashkin

The current status of quantum frequency standards is considered. A systematic comparison is made of the results achieved so far. The advantages and disadvantages of the principal types of microwave and optical quantum frequency standards are discussed. An analysis is given of the prospects of further progress which might result from improvements in the existing devices or from the development of new ones.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•May 31, 1972•1 citation

Indigenisation of the Quantum Clock: An Indispensable Tool for Modern Technologies

Subhadeep De, Arijit Sharma

Time and frequency (T&F) measurement with unprecedented accuracy is the backbone for several sophisticated technologies, commensurate with the evolution of human civilisation in the 20th century in terms of communication, positioning, navigation, and precision timing. This necessity drove researchers in the early 1950s to build atomic clocks that have now evolved to a state-of-the-art level, operating at optical wavelengths as optical atomic clocks, which use cold and trapped samples of atomic/ionic species and various other sophisticated diagnostic test techniques. Such ultrahigh-precision accurate clocks have made it possible to probe fundamental aspects of science through incredibly sensitive measurements. On the other hand, they meet the T&F synchronisation standards for classical and emerging quantum technologies at the desired level of accuracy. Considering the impact of optical atomic clocks in the second quantum revolution (quantum 2.0), they have been identified as an indispensable critical technology in worldwide quantum missions, including in India. This article reviews the present international scenario regarding optical atomic clocks and their related technologies and draws a roadmap for their indigenisation over the next decade.

Atoms•Apr 10, 2023•5 citations

The Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards

Jacques Vanier, Cipriana Tomescu

Up-to-Date Coverage of Stable and Accurate Frequency StandardsThe Quantum Physics of Atomic Frequency Standards: Recent Developments covers advances in atomic frequency standards (atomic clocks) from the last several decades. It explains the use of various techniques, such as laser optical pumping, coherent population trapping, laser cooling, and e

CRC Press eBooks•Jul 27, 2015•554 citations

Quantum computing: a property of matter at nano-scale level that can transform civil engineering to quantum civil engineering

IfeOlorun Olofin

Civil engineering problems are inherently complex and computationally intensive, often requiring advanced methods to analyze large-scale systems and nonlinear interactions. Addressing these challenges requires next-generation computing paradigms that can deliver greater speed and efficiency. Quantum computing, which exploits quantum–mechanical principles such as superposition and entanglement, offers the potential to process information in ways that far surpass classical computing, enabling faster and more accurate solutions to intricate engineering problems. This emerging technology could transform multiple areas within civil engineering—for example, materials science, project management, structural analysis, and design. Continued research and development in this direction may usher the discipline into a new era of computational innovation. Although quantum computing remains at an early stage of maturity, it has already attracted significant attention from researchers across diverse civil-engineering subfields. Fully realizing its potential will require overcoming major technical and practical challenges. This article presents an in-depth review of quantum computing applications in civil engineering, highlighting current progress, advantages, and limitations. It also outlines promising directions for future research to guide the evolution of this rapidly developing interdisciplinary field.

Discover Computing•Feb 10, 2026•2 citations

Improving performance of quantum frequency standard with laser pumping

Nikita A. Lukashev, A. A. Petrov, Vadim Vladimirovich Davydov +2 more

One of the directions of improving performance of quantum frequency standard with laser pumping is considered. A summary of performance results that make it possible is provided.

International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)•Jun 1, 2018•21 citations
A brief review of quantum frequency standards development since the early stage of quantum radiophysics is presented. The level of performance achieved and various applications in science and technology prove that the quantum frequency standards are a classical example of the remarkable impact of quantum radiophysics into 20th century civilization.
Time and frequency (T&F) measurement with unprecedented accuracy is the backbone for several sophisticated technologies, commensurate with the evolution of human civilisation in the 20th century in terms of communication, positioning, navigation, and precision timing. This necessity drove researchers in the early 1950s to build atomic clocks that have now evolved to a state-of-the-art level, operating at optical wavelengths as optical atomic clocks, which use cold and trapped samples of atomic/ionic species and various other sophisticated diagnostic test techniques. Such ultrahigh-precision accurate clocks have made it possible to probe fundamental aspects of science through incredibly sensitive measurements. On the other hand, they meet the T&F synchronisation standards for classical and emerging quantum technologies at the desired level of accuracy. Considering the impact of optical atomic clocks in the second quantum revolution (quantum 2.0), they have been identified as an indispensable critical technology in worldwide quantum missions, including in India. This article reviews the present international scenario regarding optical atomic clocks and their related technologies and draws a roadmap for their indigenisation over the next decade.
Civil engineering problems are inherently complex and computationally intensive, often requiring advanced methods to analyze large-scale systems and nonlinear interactions. Addressing these challenges requires next-generation computing paradigms that can deliver greater speed and efficiency. Quantum computing, which exploits quantum–mechanical principles such as superposition and entanglement, offers the potential to process information in ways that far surpass classical computing, enabling faster and more accurate solutions to intricate engineering problems. This emerging technology could transform multiple areas within civil engineering—for example, materials science, project management, structural analysis, and design. Continued research and development in this direction may usher the discipline into a new era of computational innovation. Although quantum computing remains at an early stage of maturity, it has already attracted significant attention from researchers across diverse civil-engineering subfields. Fully realizing its potential will require overcoming major technical and practical challenges. This article presents an in-depth review of quantum computing applications in civil engineering, highlighting current progress, advantages, and limitations. It also outlines promising directions for future research to guide the evolution of this rapidly developing interdisciplinary field.