Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Search for stable or metastable negative Yb ions

H. H. Andersen, T. Andersen, U. V. Pedersen

Published May 28, 1998• 20 citations

Abstract

The previously reported observation of stable negative Yb ions has been reinvestigated. No evidence is found for the existence of such ions or for long-lived metastable ions. This conclusion is limited to Yb ions with binding energies larger than 3 meV.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/31/10/013

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Search for stable or metastable negative Yb ions

H. H. Andersen, T. Andersen, U. V. Pedersen

Published May 28, 1998• 20 citations

Publisher

Abstract

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/31/10/013

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Long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13} $5d6s configuration of Yb$ ^+$Long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13}$5d6s configuration of Yb$^+$

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Physical Review AApr 1, 199425 citations

Long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13}

5d6s configuration of Yb

^+$

We study the occurrence of long-lived metastable states in the 4f$^{13}

5d6s electron configuration of Yb

^+$. By optical pumping of a single trapped ion on the

^2F^\text{o}_{7/2}\rightarrow (7/2,0)_{7/2}

transition at 377.5 nm, we prepare a wide range of metastable electronic states. We use a co-trapped control ion to sympathetically cool the spectroscopy ion, allowing us to accurately time its subsequent decay. We record a strong decay signal corresponding to a lifetime of 0.92(8) s, a weaker decay signal with lifetime 9.8(+2.9, -2.0) s, and find evidence for a much longer lifetime,

>

30 s. We identify the metastable states with these lifetimes qualitatively, and corroborate our results with atomic structure calculations that support the observed lifetimes and decay paths. These long-lived states provide new opportunities in qubit and qudit state detection and optical clocks.

The binding energies of the

{4s}^{2}4p^{2}P

ground state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ have been determined by means of state-selective photoionization of Ca atoms produced in s-wave photodetachment to be $24.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ meV for the

J\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1/2

and $19.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ meV for the

J\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3/2

component. The sensitivity of the detection technique applied has also made it possible to disprove previous claims for the observation of a metastable ${4s4p}^{2}^{4}P$ state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.

{\mathit{p}}_{1/2}

and 6

{\mathit{p}}_{3/2}

states of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, and 36 meV for the 6

{\mathit{p}}_{1/2}

state of the ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$. A number of prominent p and d resonances are revealed in the scattering phase-shift calculations. These p or d resonances lead to a phenomenon of 100% polarization of the scattered electron beam at appropriate electron energy and scattering angle. A criterion is proposed to measure the strength of the nonlocal correlation potential and to evaluate its ability to create a bound state: FG(r',r)\ensuremath{\Sigma}(r,r')dr dr'>1 is the necessary condition for the formation of a bound state. Here \ensuremath{\Sigma} is the correlation potential and G is the electron Green's function at zero energy.