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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Physical layer cryptography in optical networks: A lattice-based approach

Noureddine A. Boudriga, Walid Abdallah, Mohamed Hamdi

Published Jun 1, 2010• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper discusses the use of lattice cryptography and chaotic maps to encrypt OCDMA-coded optical flows. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a secure code construction process. In fact, assuming that a pair of bases (a public basis and a private basis) is associated to every user, the OCDMA code-words are projected on a public basis before being sent so that only the user possessing the corresponding private basis can decrypt the keyword. We show that the projection of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition of a chaotic error enhances the confidentiality performance of the code. This distribution of this error is generated using a chaotic map. In this work, we study the impact of the parameters of this chaotic map on the robustness of the proposed cryptosystem.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2010.5549040

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This paper discusses the use of lattice cryptography and chaotic maps to encrypt OCDMA-coded optical flows. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a secure code construction process. In fact, assuming that a pair of bases (a public basis and a private basis) is associated to every user, the OCDMA code-words are projected on a public basis before being sent so that only the user possessing the corresponding private basis can decrypt the keyword. We show that the projection of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition of a chaotic error enhances the confidentiality performance of the code. This distribution of this error is generated using a chaotic map. In this work, we study the impact of the parameters of this chaotic map on the robustness of the proposed cryptosystem.
This paper proposes a security architecture for optical code division multiple access networks based on lattice cryptography. Unlike existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a secure code construction process. In fact, given a set of optical orthogonal codewords, we associate a pair of bases (a public basis and a private basis) to every user and we show that the projection of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition of a random error enhances the confidentiality performance of the code. The proposed public key cryptosystem is based on lattice cryptography. The security of this scheme relies mainly on the complexity of the closest vector-problem in an integer lattice. We found that our technique performs better than the existing approaches in terms of robustness to cryptanalysis. We also study the security of our lattice cryptosystem with regard to the properties of the bases pairs and the error vectors.
This paper describes the physical implementation of an all-optical implementation security architecture for optical code division multiple access networks based on lattice cryptography. Our design is mainly based on the use of loop-based optical delay lines and fiber Bragg grating. The encryption process is achieved by delaying a pulse in the optical delay line according to the structure of the codewords. The number of loops is defined by the position of the pulse in codeword. We demonstrate that our implementation is less complex and more flexible than classical approaches such as fixed length optical delay lines. In addition, a performance evaluation using eye diagrams shows that our architecture is more robust against eavesdropping security attacks.
Protecting the security of optical network is a major worldwide challenge. The conventional schemes for securing communications are based on cryptography at the MAC layer and its higher layers, which are facing a great threat with the development of quantum computers. Optical encryption is a promising way for building security on the physical layer of optical communications. In this work, we propose a novel optical encryption scheme for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) fiber-optic communication systems, by utilizing the private chaotic phase scrambling. Secure transmission of 50 Gbps signal over 50-km standard single-mode fiber is experimentally and numerically demonstrated. The results show that the WDM signal is efficiently encrypted into a noise-like signal, due to the spectral broadening effect of chaotic phase scrambling. Since the processes of encryption and decryption are totally implemented in the optical domain, the proposed scheme can encrypt the entire network traffic with low latency and high speed. Moreover, the proposed encryption scheme is compatible with the existing WDM optical networks, and only one pair of encryption and decryption devices is sufficient to encrypt all WDM channels, thus the scheme can be easily implemented at low hardware cost.
In conventional optical communication systems, the transmission signals are regular digital signals. Due to the openness of optical fiber networks, it is rather easy for eavesdroppers to obtain the transmission signals from the public fiber-link and then intercept the message directly. To address this crucial security challenge, in this work we propose a high-speed secure optical communication system in virtue of physical random temporal encryption based on private physical random phase modulation and phase-to-intensity conversion. The proposed physical random temporal encryption is performed by a module composed of a phase modulator (PM) and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG), and the corresponding decryption is achieved with a similar module composed of an inverse-phase driven PM and an oppositedispersion CFBG. By distributing a constant-amplitude random-phase signal to the local semiconductor lasers deployed in the encryption module and decryption module, a pair of synchronized physical random PM driving signals that are not exchanged on public link can be independently generated, which guarantees the receiver end can correctly decrypt the original transmission message. Our numerical results demonstrate that with the proposed encryption scheme, the regular transmission signal is encrypted as a noise-like signal that can greatly enhance the security of message, and moreover, based on the private synchronized physical random phase modulation, the privacy of encryption and decryption are guaranteed, which prevents the eavesdroppers from intercepting transmission message. This work provides a promising strategy for the implement of high-speed high-security physical-layer optical communication.
We proposed and numerically studied a traceless encryption approach for physical layer security in coherent optical communications system, the most attractive advantage of which is that it is hard for eavesdroppers to be aware that the transmission signal has been encrypted because the modulation formats of encrypted signal are still the regular ones, i.e. traceless encryption. In the proposed approach, the phase only or the combination of phase and amplitude dimensions can be used for encryption and decryption. Three simple encryption rules are designed and used to investigate the encryption security performance of the scheme, in which the QPSK signal can be encrypted to be as 8PSK, QPSK and 8QAM. The results show that three simple encryption rules can cause 37.5%, 25%, 62.5% of user signal binary codes to be misinterpreted by the eavesdroppers, respectively. When the modulation formats of encrypted signal and user signal are identical, the scheme can not only cover up the real information, but also have a potential application at misleading eavesdroppers. The impacts of the control light peak power at the receiver on the decryption performance are also analysed, the results indicate that the decryption performance of the scheme has a good tolerance to the peak power fluctuation of control light at the receiver.