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Physical Review A

Interaction of Charged Vortex Rings with a Superfluid Helium Surface

Charlene Hosticka, B. E. Springett

Published Jul 1, 1972• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Electrons carried by vortex rings toward a free surface in liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$ are found to evaporate from the surface with an energy independent of the ring energy. The energy of the electron is found to depend upon the amount of charge stored near the surface. We find also that the percentage of the ring current which crosses the surface depends on temperature, ring energy, and conditions at the surface. Finally, we hypothesize a trapped state near the surface and analyze our results in terms of the lifetime of this state.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.6.492

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Electrons carried by vortex rings toward a free surface in liquid He4{\mathrm{He}}^{4}He4 are found to evaporate from the surface with an energy independent of the ring energy. The energy of the electron is found to depend upon the amount of charge stored near the surface. We find also that the percentage of the ring current which crosses the surface depends on temperature, ring energy, and conditions at the surface. Finally, we hypothesize a trapped state near the surface and analyze our results in terms of the lifetime of this state.
We capture the decay of a quantized vortex ring in superfluid helium-4 by imaging particles trapped on the vortex core. The ring shrinks in time, providing direct evidence for the dissipation of energy in the superfluid. The ring with trapped particles collapses more slowly than predicted by an available theory, but the collapse rate can be predicted correctly if the trapping of the particles on the core is taken into account. We theoretically explore the conditions under which particles may be considered passive tracers of quantized vortices and estimate, in particular, that their dynamics on the large-scale is largely unaffected by the burden of trapped particles if the latter are spaced by more than ten particle diameters along the vortex core, at temperatures between 1.5 K and 2.1 K.
It is shown that, in the presence of a magnetic field, a quantized vortex line in a superfluid liquid acquires a linear polarization charge, which is localized near the vortex axis over a length on the order of the coherence length. It is found that the total charge of a rectilinear vortex is nonzero, while the vortex pair and vortex ring have a nonzero dipole moment. The electric fields of rectilinear vortices near the end surface of a cylindrical vessel filled with a superfluid liquid are calculated. The electric polarization of superfluid systems in the presence of thermally activated vortex pairs and vortex rings has been studied. It is shown that such a polarization arises in the presence of relative motion of the normal and superfluid components.
Recent experiments have shown that micron-size particles can be trapped in quantized vortices in superfluid helium. We present results of a dynamically self-consistent calculation of the nonlinear interaction of a sphere and a vortex. We find that, depending on the regime, the sphere can be trapped in the vortex or break free from it. We also find that, if trapped, the sphere can travel along the vortex. We analyze the role played by the various forces acting on the sphere during the interaction.