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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Photon echo at surface

Oleg N. Gadomsky, Irina V. Gadomskaya, S. V. Emelyanov, Г А Турцев

Published May 3, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A method of integro-differential equation associated with the optical loch equations is proposed to consider the problem of nonlinear transient reflection (refraction) of two laser noncomplanar pulses. It is a 3D boundary-value problem of a semiclassical nonlinear resonant transient optics for the phase memory effects exhibited by surface atoms in response to pulses of fields resolved in space and time. A generalized Lorentz- Lorenz formula and a theorem of extinction of nonlinear transient optics are used to investigate generalized reflection and refraction laws.

DOI
10.1117/12.175133

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A method of integro-differential equation associated with the optical loch equations is proposed to consider the problem of nonlinear transient reflection (refraction) of two laser noncomplanar pulses. It is a 3D boundary-value problem of a semiclassical nonlinear resonant transient optics for the phase memory effects exhibited by surface atoms in response to pulses of fields resolved in space and time. A generalized Lorentz- Lorenz formula and a theorem of extinction of nonlinear transient optics are used to investigate generalized reflection and refraction laws.
A method of integrodifferential equations associated with the optical Bloch equations is used to consider the boundary-value problem of nonlinear reflection (refraction) of the laser beams on the superthin film doped by the two-level atoms. An allowance is made for the phase memory effects exhibited by two-level atoms in response to pulses of fields resolved in space and time. A generalized Lorentz-Lorenz formula is derived for a nonlinear complex refractive index of an doped film in the region of an absorption band when this index depends nonlinearly and nonstationarly on the field inside the film. We derived generalized synchronism conditions to investigate the angular distribution of reflected and refracted primary photon echo signals.
A new integro-differential operator equation which describes the propagation of a quantized radiation field in a resonant medium is obtained. We have investigated a system of atoms on the basis of the interaction of H-like atoms through the field of virtual photons, taking into account electronic and positronic intermediate states in the atomic spectrum. This interaction is treated as a third-order effect in quantum electrodynamics. We suggest a new method to solve boundary-value problems in quantum optics which employs the joint system of material and field equations.
This work is a response to a problem which was most clearly formulated by Wolf [Coherence and Quantum Optics, edited by L. Mandel and E. Wolf (Plenum, New York, 1973), p. 339] in this way: ``Attempts to generalize [the extinction theorem] within the framework of molecular optics encounters formidable difficulties.'' Here the method of integral equations is applied to an arbitrary nonlinear and anisotropic medium, taking into account quadrupole and magnetic-dipole radiation. Using the fundamental equations of molecular optics, we prove the extinction theorem in a general case, and its physical interpretation is elucidated. The question about structure of a surface layer that produces the reflected wave is clarified. A connection between the microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of nonlinear media is obtained. This advance was achieved by the implementation of the straightforward idea of variable substitution in the original integral equation. This substitution turns out to yield insight into the transition from a local to a Maxwellian field.
Understanding the processes underlying the optical excitation of atomic vapor in the vicinity of solid surfaces is of interest both from physical and technical points of view. Selective reflection spectra of laser light from an interface of a transparent dielectric material and resonant vapor are known to be Doppler-free and to provide important spectroscopic information about the atom-wall interaction. On the other hand, atomic vapors have such a large and fast nonlinear response on or near resonances that they are capable of processing signals and images with milliwatt lasers at a time scale of submicroseconds. In the present paper we investigate linear and nonlinear optical properties of a thin film of atomic vapor confined between two solid surfaces. Assuming two-level atoms, we solve the Maxwell- Bloch equations for light reflection from resonant atoms. The interaction between the resonant atoms and the wall is accounted for through the boundary conditions for all elements of density matrix. The transient polarization is shown to make an important contribution not only to the field structure in the vicinity of the wall but also to the interference pattern of the reflected field. It is found that the spectrum of reflection depends remarkably on the film thickness. Strong enhancement of signal is also found from this study and possible devices for the detection are discussed.
We shall consider two resonant optical models. One is the reflection and transmission of ultrafast pulses on the boundary of a two-level medium. The other model is an ensemble of Rydberg atoms in a resonant cavity, where an external pulse is also coupled into the cavity to initiate the radiation. Both problems can be modelled by a nonlinear density matrix-type equation, where the effective Hamiltonian itself depends on the state of the atomic system. We present a new version of the inverse scattering method, which allows one to find soliton-like analytical solutions for the problems considered. Our work enlarges the class of optical problems having soliton type solutions.