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Science

Faintest Thrum Heralds Quantum Machines

Adrian Y. Cho

Published Jan 28, 2010• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

After years of trying, physicists are on the verge of making tiny vibrating devices that make the slightest possible movement. Far weirder mechanical devices could follow.
DOI
10.1126/science.327.5965.516

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Transistors are invariably made of semiconducting materials, but the special properties of superconducting materials make them attractive for some, highly demanding, applications Indeed, physicists have been trying to build superconducting devices with transistor-like properties – in particular devices that can amplify electrical currents – for more than 20 years. Now Giampiero Pepe of the University of Naples in Italy and colleagues led by Antonio Barone, together with Norman Booth of Oxford University in the UK, have built a superconducting device that exhibits large current amplification and other transistor-like properties (G P Pepe et al. 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. at press). The device can also he operated to obtain negative current gain, which is not possible with semiconductor devices.
Abstract : An atom interferometer is constructed in which the atom waves are physically separated prior to being recombined. Fabricated transmission gratings are used as optical elements for the matter waves. Atom interferometers should be useful in studies of atomic properties, tests of basic quantum physics, for metrology, as rotation sensors, and perhaps ultimately as devices to make ultra- small structures using atom holograms. During the last year our atom interferometer has evolved from a rough plan to an essentially complete device. At present all the major components of the interferometer have been built, and tested at least once. The system will be given its first real try in the next year. Our interferometer consists of three 0.2 microns - period diffraction gratings equally spaced approx. 0.65 m apart in our atomic beam machine. The maximum separation of the beams will be approx. 60 microns. The first two gratings separate and redirect the atomic beam forming a standing wave interference pattern in the atomic flux at the third grating, which acts like a mask to sample this pattern. A principle technical obstacle is the mechanical vibrations of our machine which will blur the interference pattern.