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Advanced Materials

Hybrid Materials: Diamond in Tellurite Glass: a New Medium for Quantum Information (Adv. Mater. 25/2011)

Matthew R. Henderson, Brant C. Gibson, Heike Ebendorff‐Heidepriem, K. Kuan, Shahraam Afshar V., Julius O. Orwa, Igor Aharonovich, Snjezana Tomljenovic‐Hanic, Andrew D. Greentree, Steven Prawer, Tanya M. Monro

Published Jul 1, 2011• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond exhibit unique quantum properties. On page 2806, Matthew R. Henderson and co-workers describe integrated diamond nanocrystals containing NV centers with an optical medium, tellurite soft glass. The inside cover image shows an example of a confocal scan of an optical fiber drawn from this material, detecting the photoluminescence from NV centers, with a conceptual image of a scan in progress.

DOI
10.1002/adma.201190094

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond exhibit unique quantum properties. On page 2806, Matthew R. Henderson and co-workers describe integrated diamond nanocrystals containing NV centers with an optical medium, tellurite soft glass. The inside cover image shows an example of a confocal scan of an optical fiber drawn from this material, detecting the photoluminescence from NV centers, with a conceptual image of a scan in progress.
Diamond is emerging as an optical supermaterial, due to its wide transparency bandwidth, excellent thermooptic properties and most notably its stable, large dipole moment, room temperature, single photon emitting colour centres. In this paper we present recent progress in the characterization of non radiative and radiative decay in single impurities and the fabrication of hybrid diamond-tellurite optical structures.. First, we present direct imaging of the emission pattern of individual ion implanted chromium-based single photon emitters in diamond and measure their quantum efficiency. By comparing the decay rates from the single chromium emitters at different depths in the diamond crystal, we measured an average quantum efficiency of 28%. Second, a hybrid approach involving a soft glass tellurite host material has been introduced, allowing nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) diamond emitters to be built into an optical fibre. The potential of integrating Cr-related centres in hybrid optical structures is also discussed.
Diamond is unique. Whether mechanical, thermal, electrical or optical, its properties are within the most extreme compared to those of any other material. This, together with the fact that in the last fifty years the synthesis of artificial diamond has become a reality, makes it very attractive for engineering and technological purposes. The range of diamond-based applications is very diverse and, among the others, includes its use in mechanical machining, high-power high-frequency electronics and high transmissivity optics. -- Diamond is also host to a wide variety of crystallographic defects. Appropriately controlled, they can be used to tune the characteristics of the material, but even more interestingly they often possess attractive optical properties on their own. In particular, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond have been the subject of extensive study in the last few years. They possess unique room-temperature optical and spin properties which make them promising systems for solid-state qubits in quantum information technologies and for emerging applications in biotechnology, nanomedicine and high resolution magnetometry, such as drug delivery, fluorescent biomarking and spin imaging. -- This thesis is focused on NV centres in diamond. I first present an extensive review on diamond as a material, describing in detail its physical properties, the methods that have been developed to synthesise it and some of its possible applications. I then move the attention specifically to NV centres in nanodiamonds (NDs), i.e. diamond crystals in the nanometre size range (0-100 nm). They are a potential candidate for emerging technologies including high-resolution magnetometry and biomedical imaging. For these applications, specific material requirements, such as the small size of the diamond nanocrystals and the optical stability of the hosted NV centres, are crucial. The NV stability with respect to the nanodiamond size and surface is the central theme of this thesis. I analyse the optical behaviour of NV centres in nanodiamond while varying a number of key parameters such as size, surface termination and diamond origin. Based on the measurements, I conclude whether the nanodiamond size and the NV surface proximity are factors that must be taken into consideration in order to control the material and realise nanotechnologies based on NV centres in nanodiamonds.