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Chinese Physics Letters

Theoretical Investigation of Coherent Enhancement for Resonant Two-Photon Transitions

Zhang Shi-An, Zugeng Wang, Zhenrong Sun

Published May 29, 2008• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the coherent enhancement of resonant two-photon transitions (TPT) in a three-level atomic system. The TPT can be coherently enhanced by modulating spectral amplitude due to eliminating the destructive interference, though partial laser energy losses. Maximal enhancement of TPT can be achieved by modulating spectral phase due to establishing completely constructive interference. Our research provides a theoretical basis for experimental investigation and appears to have potential application on coherent control in the complicated quantum system.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/25/6/039

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We theoretically investigate the coherent enhancement of resonant two-photon transitions (TPT) in a three-level atomic system. The TPT can be coherently enhanced by modulating spectral amplitude due to eliminating the destructive interference, though partial laser energy losses. Maximal enhancement of TPT can be achieved by modulating spectral phase due to establishing completely constructive interference. Our research provides a theoretical basis for experimental investigation and appears to have potential application on coherent control in the complicated quantum system.
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The effect of temporal coherent control on the two-photon-resonant third-harmonic generation and multiphoton ionization into the continuum states of an atomic system is experimentally and theoretically investigated by means of a pair of partially incoherent, identical laser pulses. The evidence of quantum interference as a function of the delay between the pulses is reported. The transition from the resonant to the nonresonant case is also shown. The obtained results agree with the prediction of a theoretical model showing that the onset of quantum interference appears to be related to the coherence time of the laser radiation, which is much shorter than the pulse duration.
We investigate coherent control of the two-photon transition pathways of a four-level atomic system in a diamond configuration. When an ultrashort laser pulse interacts with this system in the ground state 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ of rubidium, the two-photon transition probability amplitude of 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ is obtained by a summation of all possible resonant and nonresonant two-photon transition probability amplitudes via 5P1/25{P}_{1/2}5P1/2​ and 5P3/25{P}_{3/2}5P3/2​. Second-order perturbation theory predicts that the maximal constructive interference of the transition probability amplitudes occurs when the phases of eight different spectrum blocks satisfy four different phase relations. Experiments carried out with spectrally phase-coded laser pulses show good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Atomic coherence and interference manifested by electromagentically induced transparency (EIT) and coherent population trapping (CPT) plays an important role in the current studies of atom-photon interactions and has found numerous applications in optical physics. EIT is created in a three-level atomic system by a coupling field and results in destructive interference between two excitation paths of a weak probe laser interacting with the atomic medium. This leads to suppressed linear absorption and rapidly varying atomic dispersion for the probe laser near the atomic resonance, which provides the platform for a variety of applications such as nonlinear optics at low light levels, slow light manipulation, and quantum state engineering for photons and atoms. Here we extend the simple three-level EIT system to more complicated and versatile configurations in a multi-level atomic system coupled by multiple laser fields. We show that with multiple excitation paths provided by different laser fields, phase-dependent quantum interference is induced: either constructive or destructive interference can be realized by varying the relative phases among the laser fields. Two specific examples are discussed. One is a three-level system coupled by bichromatic coupling and probe fields, in which the phase dependent interference between the resonant two-photon Raman transitions can be initiated and controlled. Another is a four-level system coupled by two coupling fields and two probe fields, in which a double-EIT configuration is created by the phase-dependent interference between three-photon and one-photon excitation processes. We analyze the coherently coupled multi-level atomic system and discuss the control parameters for the onset of constructive or destructive quantum interference. We describe two experiments performed with cold Rb atoms that can be approximately treated as the coherently coupled three-level and four-level atomic systems respectively. The experimental results show the phase-dependent quantum coherence and interference in the multi-level Rb atomic system, and agree with the theoretical calculations based on the coherently coupled three-level or four-level model system.
The effect of temporal coherent control on the two-photon resonant third-harmonic generation in the continuum of ionization of an atomic system is experimentally investigated by means of a pair of partially incoherent, identical laser pulses. The evidence of quantum interference in the third-harmonic generation, as a function of delay between pulses, is reported. The transition from a resonant to a nonresonant case is also shown. The results agree with the predictions of a recently published theoretical model showing that the onset of quantum interference appears to be related to the coherence time of the laser radiation that is much shorter than the pulse duration.
We show theoretically and experimentally that two-photon coherent control in a VVV-shape three-level system projects a one-photon coherent transient in a simple two-level system. The second- and third-order spectral phase terms of a shaped laser pulse play the roles of time and quadratic spectral phase, respectively, in conventional coherent transients. In a three-pulse coherent control experiment of atomic rubidium, the phase and amplitude of controlled transition probability is retrieved from a two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectral peak. It is hoped that this control scheme may harness coherent control capability on multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy.