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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Preparation of three- and four-qubit decoherence-free states via Zeno-like measurements

Xiao‐Qiang Shao, Li Chen, Shou Zhang, Yongfang Zhao, Kyu-Hwang Yeon

Published Jun 17, 2010• 10 citations

Abstract

Enlightened by the idea of purification through Zeno-like measurements (Nakazato et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 060401), we propose a scheme for generating three- and four-qubit decoherence-free states with respect to collective amplitude damping. The whole system is in a star configuration of a spin network and the outer spin qubits construct the decoherence-free state via measuring the state of central spin qubit at intervals of τ repeatedly. An interesting feature is found: namely, that in order to prepare the three-qubit decoherence-free state successfully, the value of τ for the projected time-evolution operator must be set definitely, while this restrictive condition is relaxed for achieving the four-qubit decoherence-free state. The simulation results reveal that the fidelity approaches one asymptotically, and the corresponding success probability reaches a stable value by increasing the number of measurements N.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/43/13/135502

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Enlightened by the idea of purification through Zeno-like measurements (Nakazato et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 060401), we propose a scheme for generating three- and four-qubit decoherence-free states with respect to collective amplitude damping. The whole system is in a star configuration of a spin network and the outer spin qubits construct the decoherence-free state via measuring the state of central spin qubit at intervals of τ repeatedly. An interesting feature is found: namely, that in order to prepare the three-qubit decoherence-free state successfully, the value of τ for the projected time-evolution operator must be set definitely, while this restrictive condition is relaxed for achieving the four-qubit decoherence-free state. The simulation results reveal that the fidelity approaches one asymptotically, and the corresponding success probability reaches a stable value by increasing the number of measurements N.

A method of purification, purification through Zeno-like measurements [H. Nakazato, T. Takazawa, and K. Yuasa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 060401 (2003)], is discussed extensively and applied to a few simple qubit systems. It is explicitly demonstrated how it works and how it is optimized. As possible applications, schemes for initialization of multiple qubits and entanglement purification are presented, and their efficiency is investigated in detail. Simplicity and flexibility of the idea allow us to apply it to various kinds of settings in quantum information and computation, and would provide us with useful and practical methods of state preparation.

A method of purification through Zeno-like measurements has been proposed by Nakazato and co-workers [H. Nakazato, T. Takazawa, and K. Yuasa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 060401 (2003); H. Nakazato, M. Unoki, and K. Yuasa, Phys. Rev. A 70, 012303 (2004)]. A series of frequent measurements on a quantum system is demonstrated to result in the purification of another quantum system in interaction with the former. Inspired by this idea, we have designed a strategy to obtain entangled states through only two measurements. A deterministic purification method is also provided in this article.

The states of the physical algebra, namely the algebra generated by the operators involved in encoding and processing qubits, are considered instead of those of the whole-system algebra. If the physical algebra commutes with the interaction Hamiltonian, and the system Hamiltonian is the sum of arbitrary terms either commuting with or belonging to the physical algebra, then its states are decoherence free. One of the examples considered shows that, for a uniform collective coupling to the environment, the smallest number of physical qubits encoding a decoherence-free logical qubit is reduced from four to three.

Measurement-induced decoherence and its consequent effect on the time evolution of the measured system is investigated via the Wigner representation W. Using a discrete-state computer model put forward by Wallace [D. Wallace, Phys. Rev. A 63, 022109 (2001)], we simulate a free particle moving in a periodic space, which is subjected to repeated projection-valued measurements of position. The measurements are made at rapid intervals, such as to induce a Zeno effect in the motion of the particle. We construct a discrete form of the Wigner distribution, which is used to represent the system ensemble at various times during its evolution. In addition, we calculate the entropy of the system ensemble and compare its time development with the Wigner distribution of the system state. We conclude that, in accordance with the findings of other similar investigations, the attenuation of negative W is a measure of the increasing decoherence in the system density operator, and is characteristic of the transition from the quantum to the classical descriptions of the system.