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Physical Review A

Four-wave-mixing gap solitons

Yanpeng Zhang, Zhiguo Wang, Huaibin Zheng, Chenzhi Yuan, Changbiao Li, Keqing Lu, Min Xiao

Published Nov 29, 2010• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental demonstration of generating gap soliton trains in a four-wave-mixing (FWM) signal. Such spatial FWM surfacelike gap soliton trains are induced in a periodically modulated self-defocusing atomic medium by the cross-phase modulation, which can be reshaped under different experimental conditions, such as different atomic densities, nonlinear dispersions, and dressing fields. Controlling spatial gap solitons can have important applications in image memory, processing, and communication.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.053837

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We report an experimental demonstration of generating gap soliton trains in a four-wave-mixing (FWM) signal. Such spatial FWM surfacelike gap soliton trains are induced in a periodically modulated self-defocusing atomic medium by the cross-phase modulation, which can be reshaped under different experimental conditions, such as different atomic densities, nonlinear dispersions, and dressing fields. Controlling spatial gap solitons can have important applications in image memory, processing, and communication.
We report our observations on enhancement and suppression of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM) images and the interplay of four coexisting FWM processes in a two-level atomic system associating with three-level atomic system as comparison. The phenomenon of spatial splitting of the FWM signal has been observed in both x and y directions. Such FWM spatial splitting is induced by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence. The intensity of the spatial FWM signal can be controlled by an additional dressing field. Studies on such controllable beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications of spatial signal processing.
We report our experimental observations of spatial shift and splitting of four-wave mixing (FWM) signal beams induced by additional dressing laser beams. These effects are caused by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence in a two-level atomic system. The spatial separation and number of the split FWM beams can both be controlled by the intensity of the dressing beam, the Kerr nonlinearity, and atomic density. Theoretical results agree quite well with the observations. Studies of such controlled beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications for spatial signal processing.
By creating lattice states with two-dimensional spatial periodic atomic coherence, we report an experimental demonstration of generating two-dimensional surface solitons of a four-wave mixing signal in an electromagnetically induced lattice composed of two electromagnetically induced gratings with different orientations in an atomic medium, each of which can support a one-dimensional surface soliton. The surface solitons can be well controlled by different experimental parameters, such as probe frequency, pump power, and beam incident angles, and can be affected by coherent induced defect states.
We investigate the interplay between the two components of the four-wave mixing (FWM) beams in a ladder-type three-level atomic system. The interplay, including the shift and splitting of the two FWM beams and their intensity modulation, depends on the frequency detuning and the angles as well as the powers of the pump fields. The x-directional splitting due to the cross-phase modulation and y-directional splitting because of electromagnetically induced gratings of FWM beams are investigated. Both the theoretical and experimental results exhibit that the spatial separation and the number of the FWM signals can be well controlled by additional dressing laser beams. Such studies not only can be very useful in better understanding the formation of spatial solitons but also have potential applications in signal processing.
The dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) in a four-level 85 Rb atomic system, experimentally demonstrated in this paper, is comprised by two coexisting processes. One is emission signal due to enhanced nonlinear via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The other is the Bragg reflection of probe beam because of the created photonic band gap (PBG), which is affected by both linear and third-order nonlinear susceptibility. Moreover, we have demonstrated that different experimental parameters can significantly influence the measured signal with flexibly controlled PBG. These studies are found useful for understanding the fundamental mechanisms in generated FWM processing.