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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Robust \sqrt{{\bf swap}} gate on nitrogen-vacancy centres via quantum Zeno dynamics

Shou Zhang, Xiao‐Qiang Shao, Li Chen, Yongfang Zhao, Kyu-Hwang Yeon

Published Mar 23, 2011• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A robust gate is directly put forward by manipulating two diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity within quantum Zeno subspaces. This quantum gate is immune to both the loss of cavity and spontaneous emission of the NV centre, since no cavity photon or excited level of the NV centre is populated during the whole operation. The strictly numerical simulation shows that the average fidelity of the gate is high corresponding to the current experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/44/7/075505

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A robust gate is directly put forward by manipulating two diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity within quantum Zeno subspaces. This quantum gate is immune to both the loss of cavity and spontaneous emission of the NV centre, since no cavity photon or excited level of the NV centre is populated during the whole operation. The strictly numerical simulation shows that the average fidelity of the gate is high corresponding to the current experimental parameters.
High-fidelity and decoherence-insensitive quantum gates are essential for achieving universal quantum computing. In quantum information processing, decoherence arising from excited states significantly contributes to the scheme's infidelity. Therefore, minimizing the average population of the excited state is crucial when designing quantum protocols. A promising approach involves utilizing capture-and-release dynamics to induce a complex phase on the ground state in a two-level system, effectively suppressing the integrated excited-state population. By applying this dynamics protocol to a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ three-level system, we propose a scheme to construct arbitrary decoherence suppressed single-qubit and nontrivial two-qubit gates; meanwhile, by incorporating the Zeno dynamics process in the construction of two-qubit logic gates, the large detuning and excitation of virtual photons render the scheme insensitive to qubit decoherence and cavity dissipation. Applying our scheme to the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center as an example, we prove our scheme with higher fidelity than conventional nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric gates while significantly enhancing the robustness against decoherence and frequency shift errors. These studies provide alternative approaches for constructing robust quantum gate operations. We also emphasize that the scheme is feasible for three-level quantum systems, not limited to NV center systems.
Based on the quantum Zeno dynamics, we propose two approaches for directly implementing a CNOT gate in a cavity QED system instead of constructing it from elementary gates. The first approach works in the decoherence-free subspaces (DFS) due to the quantum Zeno effect, which is robust against cavity decay. Based on the first model, we then propose the second approach which takes advantage of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) with only six pulses; thus it is insensitive to the atomic spontaneous emission. The two schemes are suitable for different decoherence parameters. The strictly numerical simulation shows that the average gate fidelities for the two methods are relatively high.
Robust universal quantum gates with an extremely high fidelity hold an important position in large-scale quantum computing. Here, we propose a scheme for several robust universal photonic quantum gates on a two-or three-photon system, including the controlled-NOT gate, the Toffoli gate, and the Fredkin gate, assisted by low-Q single-sided cavities. In our scheme, the quantum gates are robust against imperfect process occurring with the photons and the electron spins in diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers inside low-Q cavities. Errors due to the imperfect process are transferred to some heralding responses, which may lead to a direct recycling procedure to remedy the success probability of the quantum gates. As a result, the adverse impact of the imperfect process on fidelity is eliminated, greatly relaxing the restrictions on implementation of various quantum gates in experiments. Furthermore, the scheme is designed in a compact and heralded style, which can increase the robustness against environmental noise and local fluctuation, thus decreasing the operation time, the error probability, and the quantum resource consumption in a large-scale integrated quantum circuit. The near-unity fidelity and not-too-low efficiency with current achievable experimental techniques guarantees the feasibility of the scheme.
Based on the quantum Zeno dynamics, we propose a two-qubit non-geometric conditional phase gate between two nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to a whispering-gallery mode cavity. The varying phases design of periodic laser can be used for realizing non-geometric conditional phase gate, and the cavity mode is virtually excited during the gate operation. Thus, the fidelity of the gate operation is insensitive to cavity decay and the fluctuation of the preset laser intensity. The numerical simulation with a realistic set of experimental parameters shows that the gate fidelity 0.987 can be within reached in the near future.
Candidate platforms in the global endeavour to build long distance quantum networks need to satisfy a variety of properties to act as a network node. These include - interfacing between stationary spins and photonic flying qubits, long quantum memory times, indistinguishable photons and a large photon flux. Cavities operating in the weak coupling regime offer the advantages that the spontaneous emission rate of the emitter is enhanced while the loss rate from the cavity is also high. With optimized output couplers, this results in an increased photon extraction efficiency and the proportion of coherent photons is also improved. Cavity-coupled Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (NV) fulfill most of these criteria with one weakness remaining - sensitivity to electronic noise [1]–[3].
We propose efficient schemes for universal quantum gates with the photon polarization states and electron spin states of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond embedded in optical microcavity. A hybrid polarization-spin controlled-NOT gate and a two-qubit controlled phase gate between NV centers in separated cavities are demonstrated in the weak-coupling regime without complex devices or interaction. The gates presented here are deterministic and can be applied directly to a variety of quantum information processing tasks. The feasibility analyses show that our schemes can be accomplished with high fidelity under current technologies and have wide potential applications in quantum communication and computation fields.