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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Geometric phases of nonlinear coherent and squeezed states: a new approach

S.AL. Modares Vamegh, Mohammad Kazem Tavassoly

Published Dec 18, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, geometric phases of nonlinear coherent and squeezed states have been investigated by Yang et al (2011 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44 075502). In this paper, after a modification of Yang et al's derivation procedure, we deduced the non-cyclic and non-unitary geometric phases of nonlinear coherent and nonlinear squeezed states with a new approach which is consistent with the nonlinear coherent states theory. Indeed, the most important distinguishable feature of our presentation lies in the fact that we employed the (nonlinear) Hamiltonian which appropriately generates the time evolution of nonlinear coherent and squeezed states. It is established that this modification directly affects the resultant geometric phases of the states under consideration. As a physical realization, we applied our formalism to a particular nonlinear physical system corresponding to the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion coherent state. Then, the variation of the geometric phases of the considered nonlinear states in terms of time, intensity of radiation field, squeezing and Lamb–Dicke parameters are investigated. Finally, we discuss our numerical results.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/46/1/015503

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Recently, geometric phases of nonlinear coherent and squeezed states have been investigated by Yang et al (2011 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44 075502). In this paper, after a modification of Yang et al's derivation procedure, we deduced the non-cyclic and non-unitary geometric phases of nonlinear coherent and nonlinear squeezed states with a new approach which is consistent with the nonlinear coherent states theory. Indeed, the most important distinguishable feature of our presentation lies in the fact that we employed the (nonlinear) Hamiltonian which appropriately generates the time evolution of nonlinear coherent and squeezed states. It is established that this modification directly affects the resultant geometric phases of the states under consideration. As a physical realization, we applied our formalism to a particular nonlinear physical system corresponding to the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion coherent state. Then, the variation of the geometric phases of the considered nonlinear states in terms of time, intensity of radiation field, squeezing and Lamb–Dicke parameters are investigated. Finally, we discuss our numerical results.
The geometric phases for standard coherent states which are widely used in quantum optics have attracted considerable attention. Nevertheless, few physicists consider the counterparts of nonlinear coherent states, which are useful in the description of the motion of a trapped ion. In this paper, the non-unitary and non-cyclic geometric phases for two nonlinear coherent and one squeezed states are formulated, respectively. Moreover, some of their common properties are discussed, such as gauge invariance, non-locality and nonlinear effects. The nonlinear functions have dramatic impacts on the evolution of the corresponding geometric phases. They speed the evolution up or down. So this property may have an application in controlling or measuring geometric phase. For the squeezed case, when the squeezed parameter r → ∞ , the limiting value of the geometric phase is also determined by a nonlinear function at a given time and angular velocity. In addition, the geometric phases for standard coherent and squeezed states are obtained under a particular condition. When the time evolution undergoes a period, their corresponding cyclic geometric phases are achieved as well. And the distinction between the geometric phases of the two coherent states may be regarded as a geometric criterion.
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We consider a class of nonlinear coherent states, which are right-hand eigenstates of the product of the boson annihilation operator and a nonlinear function of the number operator. Such states may appear as stationary states of the center-of-mass motion of a trapped and bichromatically laser-driven ion far from the Lamb-Dicke regime. Besides coherence properties, they exhibit nonclassical features such as amplitude squeezing and self-splitting, which is accompanied by pronounced quantum interference effects. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Using the nonlinear coherent states approach, a general formalism for the construction of various classes of nonlinear trio coherent states in the context of multi-mode quantum states has been proposed. In particular, taking into account the most popular nonlinearity function associated with f -deformed coherent states, i.e. the nonlinearity function of the centre-of-mass motion of a trapped ion, it is illustrated that the corresponding trio coherent state possesses some interesting nonclassical properties. To establish this observation, sub-Poissonian statistics, three-mode squeezing, the behaviour of Vogel's characteristic function and the existence of entanglement are investigated. Due to the intrinsic non-classicality nature of the considered three-mode states, their physical production may be of high interest in the quantum optics field. Thus, we have finally demonstrated how nonlinear motional trio coherent states can be generated in three-dimensional anisotropic traps, appropriately.
In this paper, we investigate the geometric phase (GP) of two-mode entangled squeezed-coherent states (ESCSs), undergoing unitary cyclic evolution. Results show that increasing the squeezing parameter of either mode of the balanced ESCS compresses the GP elliptically with respect to the coherence parameter of the corresponding mode. While in the case of unbalanced ESCS, the GP is compressed hyperbolically by increasing the squeezing parameters of the either mode. By generalizing the approach to higher constituting-state dimensions, it is found that the GPs of both balanced and unbalanced ESCSs, increase for a specific value of the coherence parameter. By analyzing the states through the Schmidt decomposition method, we find that, locally, the balanced and unbalanced ESCSs are unitarily equivalent. Finally, based on the interferometry technique, we suggest a theoretical scheme for the physical generation of ESCSs.