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Physical Review A

Resonance fluorescence with excitation of finite bandwidth

Harry J. Kimble, L. Mandeļ

Published Feb 1, 1977• 209 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom that is driven near resonance by a laser beam of finite bandwidth is tackled via the Heisenberg equations of motion, by a simple generalization of our previous treatment. It is found that the two-time intensity correlation function is again factorizable into a product of the mean light intensities at the two times, each of which is slightly modified under broad-band excitation from its value under monochromatic excitation. The spectrum of the fluorescence is affected rather more drastically, and, in general, becomes asymmetric under broad-band excitation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.15.689

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The problem of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom that is driven near resonance by a laser beam of finite bandwidth is tackled via the Heisenberg equations of motion, by a simple generalization of our previous treatment. It is found that the two-time intensity correlation function is again factorizable into a product of the mean light intensities at the two times, each of which is slightly modified under broad-band excitation from its value under monochromatic excitation. The spectrum of the fluorescence is affected rather more drastically, and, in general, becomes asymmetric under broad-band excitation.
Exact closed form expressions are derived for the photon number distribution functions and the factorial moments in resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom that is driven on or near resonance by a laser beam of finite bandwidth. Derivation procedure that was used by Lenstra in the theory of photon number statistics for limited cases is applied to our generalized problem with help of the theory of resonance fluorescence with excitation of finite bandwidth. All of the results are presented in a fully suitable form for practical analyses of statistical features of resonance fluorescence.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak-field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state and analytic expressions for the fluorescent-light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed, and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation, the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize. This and other differences are discussed, and curves are presented to illustrate the behavior of various quantities. We also present results for thermal excitation of the atom.
Resonance fluorescence from a single two-level atom driven by a beam of squeezed light is studied in the weak field limit. We consider the situation where the atom is coupled to the ordinary vacuum and only a few field modes corresponding to the driving field are squeezed. The field produced by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator is used as the driving field. This driving field can be described in terms of two real independent Gaussian processes. Heisenberg equations of motion are solved in the steady-state, and analytic expressions for the fluorescent light intensity and the spectrum of fluorescent light are derived. We also consider photon statistics of fluorescent light. In particular, squeezing, antibunching, and sub-Poissonian statistics of fluorescent photons are discussed and analytic expressions for the quadrature variance and the two-time intensity correlation function are presented. Contrary to the case of coherent excitation the second-order intensity correlation function does not factorize.
A two-state atom in a perturber gas is irradiated by intense light with an arbitrary spectral profile. The authors derive a general expression for the fluorescence spectrum in terms of the conventional low-intensity absorption profile and the spectral density of the incident light. This result, which contains previous results as special limiting cases, describes the transition from the three-line fluorescence spectrum excited by intense monochromatic light and the power-broadened Lorentzian spectrum produced by broad-band excitation.
We have considered the steady-state resonance fluorescence spectrum for a beam of two-level atoms, interacting with a strong driving field with a finite bandwidth inside a cavity. The competitive effects of cavity losses and the finite bandwidth of the intense driving laser beam on the resonance fluorescence spectrum have been discussed. Our results show that the usual three-peaked resonance fluorescence spectrum starts merging back into the central peak as the bandwidth of the driving field increases. Moreover, the asymmetry introduced by the detuning of the driving field having a finite bandwidth is also affected by the cavity losses.