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Physical Review A

Trapped scattering with three incident channels and the evaluation of the three-body forces

Bao Cheng-guang

Published Nov 10, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A design of trapped scattering is proposed and related theoretical calculation is performed to evaluate the weak three-body interactions among neutral atoms and molecules. Different from traditional experiments of scattering, the design has three incident channels; three-body collisions would occur in a trap repeatedly, and the number of collisions can be controlled. Hence, the effect of each collision can be accumulated and eventually enlarged. Therefore the design is particularly suitable for the cases with very weak interactions. Results of the calculation demonstrate that, once the two-body force of a species has been known, information on the three-body force can be thereby obtained.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.052704

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A design of trapped scattering is proposed and related theoretical calculation is performed to evaluate the weak three-body interactions among neutral atoms and molecules. Different from traditional experiments of scattering, the design has three incident channels; three-body collisions would occur in a trap repeatedly, and the number of collisions can be controlled. Hence, the effect of each collision can be accumulated and eventually enlarged. Therefore the design is particularly suitable for the cases with very weak interactions. Results of the calculation demonstrate that, once the two-body force of a species has been known, information on the three-body force can be thereby obtained.
Two-body scattering of neutral particles in a trap is studied theoretically. The control of the initial state is realized by using optical traps. The collisions inside the trap occur repeatedly; thereby the effect of interaction can be accumulated. Two periodic phenomena with a shorter and a much longer period, respectively, are found. The latter is sensitive to the interaction. Instead of measuring the differential cross section as is usually done, the measurement of the longer period and the details of the periodic behavior might be a valid source of information on weak interactions among neutral particles.
A dynamic process of repeating collisions of a pair of trapped neutral particles with weak spin-dependent interaction is designed and studied. A related theoretical derivation and numerical calculation have been performed to study the inherent coordinate-spin and momentum-spin correlations. Because of the repeating collisions, the effect of the weak interaction can be accumulated and enlarged, and therefore can be eventually detected. Numerical results suggest that the Cr-Cr interaction, which has not yet been completely clarified, could thereby be determined. The design can be used in general to determine various interactions among neutral atoms and molecules, in particular for the determination of very weak forces.
During the last few decades, the two fields of ultracold neutral atoms and of single trapped ions have undergone an amazing development. The incorporation of these systems into a single experiment exploits the complementary physical properties of the subsystems and opens up novel lines of research. I present experimental results obtained in one of the first hybrid atom-ion setups accessing the cold regime. Single ions interact with ultracold samples of 87Rb atoms. The collision energies are set by heating mechanisms in the Paul trap and are on the order of mK·kB. Interactions are generally strong and long-ranged. We observe elastic atom-ion scattering in the semi-classical energy regime in which the cross section depends on the collision energy and favors scattering at small angles. We were able to obtain a general good understanding of atom-ion two-body collisions. We observed sympathetic cooling of the ion over four orders of magnitude in energy through collisions with the ultracold atoms. Further, we utilized atom-ion scattering events to develop a novel method to compensate excess ion micromotion, the primary source of ion heating. Three-body collisions between two atoms and the ion play an important role. We identified these processes through the large amounts of energy that they release. This makes them detectable despite their suppression with respect to two-body collisions. We also showed that atom-ion three-body collisions become more prominent as the collision energy decreases. Finally, we employed our atom-ion apparatus to gain novel insights into three-body recombination between ultracold atoms. In these experiments the ion trap acts as an extremely sensitive ion detector. Through three-body recombination a Rb2 molecule is formed and can undergo ionization by absorbing photons from a strong laser. By scanning the frequency of the ionization laser we obtained a molecular spectrum and identified a relatively broad distribution over final molecular states.
We calculate the effective three-body force for bosons interacting with each other by a two-body potential tuned to a narrow zero crossing in any dimension. We use the standard two-channel model parametrized by the background atom-atom interaction strength, the amplitude of the open-channel to closed-channel coupling, and the atom-dimer interaction strength. The three-body force originates from the atom-dimer interaction, but it can be dramatically enhanced for narrow crossings, i.e., for small atom-dimer conversion amplitudes. This effect can be used to stabilize quasi-two-dimensional dipolar atoms and molecules.