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arXiv:1001.1467 · Physical Review A

Two-body scattering in a trap and a special periodic phenomenon sensitive to the interaction

Y. Z. He, Bao Cheng-guang

Published May 17, 2010• 2 citations
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Abstract

Two-body scattering of neutral particles in a trap is studied theoretically. The control of the initial state is realized by using optical traps. The collisions inside the trap occur repeatedly; thereby the effect of interaction can be accumulated. Two periodic phenomena with a shorter and a much longer period, respectively, are found. The latter is sensitive to the interaction. Instead of measuring the differential cross section as is usually done, the measurement of the longer period and the details of the periodic behavior might be a valid source of information on weak interactions among neutral particles.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.81.052702

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Two-body scattering of neutral particles in a trap is studied theoretically. The control of the initial state is realized by using optical traps. The collisions inside the trap occur repeatedly; thereby the effect of interaction can be accumulated. Two periodic phenomena with a shorter and a much longer period, respectively, are found. The latter is sensitive to the interaction. Instead of measuring the differential cross section as is usually done, the measurement of the longer period and the details of the periodic behavior might be a valid source of information on weak interactions among neutral particles.
A design of trapped scattering is proposed and related theoretical calculation is performed to evaluate the weak three-body interactions among neutral atoms and molecules. Different from traditional experiments of scattering, the design has three incident channels; three-body collisions would occur in a trap repeatedly, and the number of collisions can be controlled. Hence, the effect of each collision can be accumulated and eventually enlarged. Therefore the design is particularly suitable for the cases with very weak interactions. Results of the calculation demonstrate that, once the two-body force of a species has been known, information on the three-body force can be thereby obtained.
A dynamic process of repeating collisions of a pair of trapped neutral particles with weak spin-dependent interaction is designed and studied. A related theoretical derivation and numerical calculation have been performed to study the inherent coordinate-spin and momentum-spin correlations. Because of the repeating collisions, the effect of the weak interaction can be accumulated and enlarged, and therefore can be eventually detected. Numerical results suggest that the Cr-Cr interaction, which has not yet been completely clarified, could thereby be determined. The design can be used in general to determine various interactions among neutral atoms and molecules, in particular for the determination of very weak forces.
We have studied the behavior of clouds of neutral atoms contained in a spontaneous force optical trap. Because of the low temperatures of the atoms (<1 mK) we have observed a variety of new phenomena which involve both short and long range interactions between the atoms. The short range interactions are manifested in two body collisions which are notable because of the very long collision times. This time scale causes the dynamics to be profoundly affected by absorption and spontaneous emission during the collision. An interesting assortment of collective behaviors are observed when the trapped atom cloud contains more than 105 atoms. These include the expansion of the cloud as the number is increased and dramatic changes in the distribution of the atoms at higher numbers. We can explain much of the collective behavior using a simple model that includes a 1/r2 force between the atoms arising from the multiple scattering of photons. Finally, we discuss the optical trapping of atoms directly from a low pressure vapor in a small glass cell. We have used these optically trapped atoms to load a magnetostatic trap in the same cell. This provided a high density sample of atoms with a temperature of less than 2 μK.
Abstract We have analytically explored the quantum phenomenon of particle scattering by harmonically trapped Bose and Fermi gases with the short ranged Fermi–Huang δ p 3 interactions (Fermi 1936 Ric. Sci. 7 13; Huang and Yang 1957 Phys. Rev. 105 767) interactions among the incident particle and the scatterers. We have predicted differential scattering cross-sections and their temperature dependence in this regard. Coherent scattering even by a single boson or fermion in the finite geometry gives rise to new tool of determining energy eigenstate of the scatterer. Our predictions on the differential scattering cross-sections can be tested within the present day experimental setups, specially, for (i) 3D harmonically trapped interacting Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), (ii) BECs in a double well, and (iii) BECs in an optical lattice.
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of two trapped condensates in a magnetostatic trap. The two condensates, being in different internal Zeeman state (/F = 2, m = 2) and /F = 2,m = i]), experience external parabolic potentials that differ by both curvature and equilibrium position. The dynamics of the system, exhibiting large amplitude oscillations of the /F = 2,nt = 1] condensate, is affected in a profound manner by the periodical inter condensates collisions. In particular, we show that both an amplitude damping and a frequency shift occur. Measuring the former allows to study the elastic scattering, whose suppression is a manifestation of the Bose condensates superfluidity, while the latter gives access to the cross scattering length alpha.