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Quantum Electronics

Optical Stark effect and Kerr nonlinearities of atomic media in nonlinear optical processes

I. A. Kulagin, Timurbek Usmanov

Published Jun 30, 2000• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is shown that the resonant enhancements of the optical Kerr effect and the optical Stark effect of the same order are caused by the same change in the state of an atomic system. The analysis of the known experimental data demonstrates the identity of their influence on nonlinear optical processes. It is shown that a separate analysis of the influence of Stark shift and resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearities leads to incorrect results.

DOI
10.1070/qe2000v030n06abeh001756

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It is shown that the resonant enhancements of the optical Kerr effect and the optical Stark effect of the same order are caused by the same change in the state of an atomic system. The analysis of the known experimental data demonstrates the identity of their influence on nonlinear optical processes. It is shown that a separate analysis of the influence of Stark shift and resonantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearities leads to incorrect results.
Both long-lived coherences and coherent population oscillations result in dramatic enhancement of a Kerr nonlinearity in atomic media at very low intensity of resonant light. We demonstrate the possibility of separating the contributions from these effects under certain experimental conditions. We report a study of the nonlinear optical properties of atomic media under a variety of experimental conditions at low light intensity, paying particular attention to self-focussing, diffraction and quasi-degenerate wave mixing.
We predict that the effective nonlinear optical susceptibility can be tailored using the Purcell effect. While this is a general physical principle that applies to a wide variety of nonlinearities, we specifically investigate the Kerr nonlinearity. We show theoretically that using the Purcell effect for frequencies close to an atomic resonance can substantially influence the resultant Kerr nonlinearity for light of all (even highly detuned) frequencies. For example, in realistic physical systems, enhancement of the Kerr coefficient by one to two orders of magnitude could be achieved.
We theoretically study the effect of Kerr effect on the second-order nonlinearity induced transparency in a double-resonant optical cavity system. We show that in the presence of the Kerr effect, as the strength of the Kerr effect increases, the absorption curve exhibits an asymmetric-symmetric-asymmetric transition, and the zero absorption point shifts with the increase of the Kerr effect. Furthermore, by changing the strength of the Kerr effect, we can control the width of the transparent window, and the position of the zero-absorption point and meanwhile change the left and right width of the absorption peak. The asymmetry absorption curve can be employed to improve the quality factor of the cavity when the frequency detuning is tuned to be around the right peak. The simple dependence of the zero-absorption point on the strength of Kerr effect suggests that the strength of Kerr effect can be measured by measuring the position of the zero-absorption point in a possible application.
The influence of Stark shift on the phase properties when an ideal cavity is filled with a Kerr-like medium and coupling is effected through nondegenerate Raman two-photon processes is studied. This has been carried out using the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. We find that the phase properties of the field reflect the collapses and revivals of the level occupation probabilities in most situations. The interaction brings about the symmetrical splitting of the phase probability distribution. A number of interesting features are found and discussed.