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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Solutions for a Schrödinger equation with a nonlocal term

Ervin Kaminski Lenzi, B. F. de Oliveira, L. R. da Silva, L. R. Evangelista

Published Mar 1, 2008• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We obtain time dependent solutions for a Schröndiger equation in the presence of a nonlocal term by using the Green function approach. These solutions are compared with recent results obtained for the fractional Schrödinger equation as well as for the usual one. The nonlocal term incorporated in the Schrödinger equation may also be related to the spatial and time fractional derivative and introduces different regimes of spreading of the solution with the time evolution.

DOI
10.1063/1.2842069

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We obtain time dependent solutions for a Schröndiger equation in the presence of a nonlocal term by using the Green function approach. These solutions are compared with recent results obtained for the fractional Schrödinger equation as well as for the usual one. The nonlocal term incorporated in the Schrödinger equation may also be related to the spatial and time fractional derivative and introduces different regimes of spreading of the solution with the time evolution.
We propose and investigate a generalized Schrödinger equation by introducing a fractional Riesz derivative to account for anomalous transport and a memory kernel to describe temporal nonlocal effects. Additionally, we include a long-range interactions term, modeled by an integral operator, which captures spatially extended interactions. Using the Green function approach, we derive analytical solutions and explore their implications in the time-space domain. Our findings reveal novel quantum phenomena arising from the interplay of fractional dynamics, nonlocal potentials, and memory effects, including the emergence of new local maxima in the evolution of Green's functions and distinct localization behaviors.
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Solutions of the Schrödinger equation with an exact time dependence are derived as eigenfunctions of dynamical invariants which are constructed from time-independent operators using time-dependent unitary transformations. Exact solutions and a closed form expression for the corresponding time evolution operator are found for a wide range of time-dependent Hamiltonians in d dimensions, including non-Hermitean -symmetric Hamiltonians. Hamiltonians are constructed using time-dependent unitary spatial transformations comprising dilatations, translations and rotations and solutions are found in several forms: as eigenfunctions of a quadratic invariant, as coherent state eigenfunctions of boson operators, as plane wave solutions from which the general solution is obtained as an integral transform by means of the Fourier transform, and as distributional solutions for which the initial wavefunction is the Dirac δ-function. For the isotropic harmonic oscillator in d dimensions radial solutions are found which extend known results for d = 1, including Barut–Girardello and Perelomov coherent states (i.e., vector coherent states), which are shown to be related to eigenfunctions of the quadratic invariant by the ζ-transformation. This transformation, which leaves the Ermakov equation invariant, implements SU(1, 1) transformations on linear dynamical invariants. coherent states are derived also for the time-dependent linear potential. Exact solutions are found for Hamiltonians with electromagnetic interactions in which the time-dependent magnetic and electric fields are not necessarily spatially uniform. As an example, it is shown how to find exact solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the Dirac magnetic monopole in the presence of time-dependent magnetic and electric fields of a specified form.
We investigate a generalized quantum Schrödinger equation in a comb-like structure that imposes geometric constraints on spatial variables. The model is extended by the introduction of nonlocal and fractional potentials to capture memory effects in both space and time. We consider four distinct scenarios: (i) a time-dependent nonlocal potential, (ii) a spatially nonlocal potential, (iii) a combined space–time nonlocal interaction with memory kernels, and (iv) a fractional spatial derivative, which is related to distributions asymptotically governed by power laws and to a position-dependent effective mass. For each scenario, we propose solutions based on the Green’s function for arbitrary initial conditions and analyze the resulting quantum dynamics. Our results reveal distinct spreading regimes, depending on the type of non-locality and the fractional operator applied to the spatial variable. These findings contribute to the broader generalization of comb models and open new questions for exploring quantum dynamics in backbone-like structures.
The time fractional Schrodinger equation (TFSE) for a nonrelativistic particle is derived on the basis of the Feynman path integral method by extending it initially to the case of a "free particle" obeying fractional dynamics, obtained by replacing the integer order derivatives with respect to time by those of fractional order.The equations of motion contain quantities which have "fractional" dimensions, chosen such that the "energy" has the correct dimension [𝑀𝐿 2 /𝑇 2 ].The action 𝑆 is defined as a fractional time integral of the Lagrangian, and a "fractional Planck constant" is introduced.The TFSE corresponds to a "subdiffusion" equation with an imaginary fractional diffusion constant and reproduces the regular Schrodinger equation in the limit of integer order.The present work corrects a number of errors in Naber's work.The correct continuity equation for the probability density is derived and a Green function solution for the case of a "free particle" is obtained.The total probability for a "free" particle is shown to go to zero in the limit of infinite time, in contrast with Naber's result of a total probability greater than unity.A generalization to the case of a particle moving in a potential is also given.