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Physical Review A

Squeezed-light generation by twin-beam control with an optical cavity

R. Paschotta, Jerome C. Mertz

Published Apr 1, 1994• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that a single-ended optical cavity can be used to generate squeezed light from a pair of intensity-correlated light beams. One beam serves as an input to the cavity, while the measured intensity in the other beam serves to control various cavity parameters such as input coupling, losses, or detuning. Depending on the mode of operation, the resulting output beam from the cavity can be squeezed in amplitude or in phase. We derive the noise spectrum for the case of optimal amplitude squeezing, provided that there are no initial correlations between amplitude and phase in the input beams. Practical examples are given in which an optical parametric oscillator serves as the twin-beam source. As a general consequence of twin-beam control, we also derive a Heisenberg-like inequality governing the amplitude and phase spectra of intensity-correlated beams.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.49.2820

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We demonstrate that a single-ended optical cavity can be used to generate squeezed light from a pair of intensity-correlated light beams. One beam serves as an input to the cavity, while the measured intensity in the other beam serves to control various cavity parameters such as input coupling, losses, or detuning. Depending on the mode of operation, the resulting output beam from the cavity can be squeezed in amplitude or in phase. We derive the noise spectrum for the case of optimal amplitude squeezing, provided that there are no initial correlations between amplitude and phase in the input beams. Practical examples are given in which an optical parametric oscillator serves as the twin-beam source. As a general consequence of twin-beam control, we also derive a Heisenberg-like inequality governing the amplitude and phase spectra of intensity-correlated beams.
In recent years, several experiments have established the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) as a practical source of highly correlated twin beams. These beams have an intensity difference noise substantially below the associated shot noise, for noise frequencies within the OPO cavity bandwidth. They present the additional feature of being laserlike and intense, making them convenient for experimental applications. Refinements on our OPO characteristics and photodiode efficiencies have yielded a reduction of the noise power in the intensity difference of 86% below the shot noise level.1 A first use of twin beams is the production of a single light beam having an intensity squeezed noise. This can be achieved by monitoring the intensity of one beam with a photodiode and using this information to control the intensity fluctuations of the second beam with an electrooptic modulator.2 Other applications to high sensitivity spectroscopic measurements such as linear and nonlinear absorption or dispersion can now be considered for practical use.
We analyze an optical-phase feed-forward scheme to produce a squeezed-light beam from intensity-correlated twin beams generated by nondegenerate parametric amplification. The quadrature measurement of the idler beam at the output of the parametric amplifier is linearly fed forward onto the output signal beam with an electro-optic phase modulator. The minimum available squeezing factor is shown to be 1/(2g - 1), where g is the parametric amplifier gain, and is equal to the nonclassical intensity-noise reduction factor of the original twin beams at the output of the parametric amplifier. By changing the frequency of the input signal beam, one can generate tunable squeezed light with this scheme for application in precision spectroscopy.
The signal and idler beams from a non-degenerate, above threshold, optical parametric oscillator have a strong quantum correlation, which are called twin beams. This correlation arises from the simultaneous generation of the signal and idler photons in the form of twin pairs of photons through the parametric down conversion, and the generated twin beams have exactly the same photon statistics. As a result, the fluctuations on the difference between the intensities of the twin beams are reduced with respect to the shot noise limit, that is, intensity-difference squeezing. We give a comprehensive overview of the generation of twin beams using the optical parametric oscillator, and the applications exploiting the quantum correlation of twin beams are presented.
Recently we analyzed an optical-phase feed-forward scheme to produce a squeezed-light beam from the twin beams generated by nondegenerate optical parametric amplification.1 Our interest in this scheme stems from the possibility it allows for the generation of tunable squeezed light. If the input signal beam to the parametric amplifier is tunable, a tunable squeezed output beam can be obtained for spectroscopic applications.2 In this paper we present a wideband model of this scheme. Noise characteristics of the homodyne detector, that measures squeezing properties of the phase-controlled output signal beam from the parametric amplifier, are analyzed in detail. To minimize the squeezed-noise power at an arbitrarily given sideband frequency, the optimal phase feed-forward transfer function is calculated. This feed-forward transfer function is achievable with a bandpass filter and an electronic amplifier. For certain frequency profiles of the gain and phase of the parametric amplifier, the squeezed-noise power spectral density can be minimized over the whole electronic bandwidth of the photodetector that is employed in homodyne detection.
We investigated the intensity noise spectra of a single beam of a pump-enhanced continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which was used to generate quantum-correlated twin beams, as a function of the pump power. With a triply (pump-, signal-, and idler-) resonant cavity, the oscillation threshold of our OPO was 8.5±1.3 mW and the measured slope conversion efficiency was 0.72±0.02. Twin beams with a power of 240 mW were generated at a pump power of 350 mW. The relaxation oscillation frequencies, which depend on the pump power, were observed when the pump power of the OPO was 12.5–28 mW. The experimental results confirm the predicted increase in OPO relaxation frequency with pump power. We experimentally inferred squeezing of the single-beam intensity, for the first time to our knowledge, by exploiting the nature of quantum noise that is dependent on loss.
We investigated the intensity noise spectra of the single beam of a pump-enhanced continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which was used to generate quantum correlated twin beams, as a function of the pump power. With a triply (pump-, signal-, and idler-) resonant cavity, the oscillation threshold of our OPO was about 8.5+/-1.3 mW and the measured slope conversion efficiency was 0.72+/-0.02. A twin beams with power of 240 mW were generated at pump power of 350 mW. The relaxation oscillation frequencies, which depend on the pump power, were observed when the pump power of OPO was from 12.5 mW to 28 mW. The experimental results confirm the predicted increase in OPO relaxation frequency with pump power. Squeezing of the single beam intensity was for the first time inferred experimentally by exploiting nature of quantum noise dependent on loss.