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International Conference on Optoelectronics and Microelectronics

Effect of selective saturated absorption on atomic line filter

Shuangqiang Liu, Weimin Sun

Published Sep 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an atomic filter based on optical pumping induced anisotropy in Doppler-broadened two-level atoms. Atomic line filters (ALF) in previous research used a selective pump to populate atoms on special Zeeman sub-levels to obtain optical anisotropy because of dipole selection rules. Unlike them, we proposed a novel method to get circular anisotropy realized by selectively saturated absorption in rubidium.

DOI
10.1109/icoom.2013.6626526

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We report an atomic filter based on optical pumping induced anisotropy in Doppler-broadened two-level atoms. Atomic line filters (ALF) in previous research used a selective pump to populate atoms on special Zeeman sub-levels to obtain optical anisotropy because of dipole selection rules. Unlike them, we proposed a novel method to get circular anisotropy realized by selectively saturated absorption in rubidium.
By solving the optical Bloch equations with the rate-equation approximation, we calculate the time dependence of the magnetic sublevel populations of Doppler-broadened atoms. With an increase of the left-circularly polarized pump intensity, the population fraction of a certain sublevel of the excited state almost reaches 0.3, resulting in anisotropy in the excited state, which is important to the optical filter based on circular birefringence and dichroism. Furthermore, numerical results show that the real saturation pump intensity for the moving atoms is much larger than that for the resting atoms.
The D1 line spectrally selective pumping process in Doppler-broadened cesium is analyzed by solving the optical Bloch equations. The process, described by a three-level model with the A scheme, shows that the saturation intensity of broadened atoms is three orders of magnitude larger than that of resting atoms. The 丨Fg = 3） →丨Fe = 4） resonance pumping can result in the ground state丨Fg = 4, mF = 4） sublevel having a maximum population of 0.157 and the population difference would be about 0.01 in two adjacent magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine （HF） state Fg = 4. To enhance the anisotropy in the ground state, we suggest employing dichromatic optical HF pumping by adding a laser to excite D1 line 丨Fg = 4） → 丨Fe = 3） transition, in which the cesium magnetometer sensitivity increases by half a magnitude and is unaffected by the nonlinear Zeeman effect even in Earth＇s average magnetic field.
The D1 line spectrally selective pumping process in Doppler-broadened cesium is analyzed by solving the optical Bloch equations. The process, described by a three-level model with the Λ scheme, shows that the saturation intensity of broadened atoms is three orders of magnitude larger than that of resting atoms. The |Fg = 3〉 → |Fe = 4〉 resonance pumping can result in the ground state |Fg = 4, mF = 4〉 sublevel having a maximum population of 0.157 and the population difference would be about 0.01 in two adjacent magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine (HF) state Fg = 4. To enhance the anisotropy in the ground state, we suggest employing dichromatic optical HF pumping by adding a laser to excite D1 line |Fg = 4〉 → |Fe = 3〉 transition, in which the cesium magnetometer sensitivity increases by half a magnitude and is unaffected by the nonlinear Zeeman effect even in Earth's average magnetic field.
The improvement in the performance of an atomic line filter (ALF) under the action of a repump laser is reported in the current experimental work. We address the issue of repumping by including an additional laser coupling the 5S1/2(F=1)→5P3/2(F′′=2,1,0) hyperfine levels whereas the optical filter action is exhibited through a pump–probe laser-induced excited state absorption {5S1/2(F=2)→5P3/2(F′=3)→5D3/2(F′′=3)} of the Rb87 atom. It is found that the application of the repump mechanism considerably influences the characterizing parameters (i.e., transmittance and width) of the ALF. To optimize the performance of the ALF, it is required to carefully choose the detuning and intensity of the repump laser for a fixed set of pump–probe combination. For this purpose, the effect of systematic change in detuning and intensity of the repump laser on the ALF signal is studied in detail. For example, it is experimentally found that ALF considerably benefits (∼30%) in transmittance from selective repumping of atoms. It is to be noted that, unlike earlier reports, where the frequency scale of the filter is calibrated with Faby–Perot etalons of comparatively larger free spectral range, the marking is done here with the help of double resonance optical pumping (DROP) signals. The DROP signals, which originate from two-photon coupling within the 5S→5P→5D hyperfine domain, also act as an indicator of the existing “Radiation Trapping” process in the cascade medium. The current study may help in improving the performance of narrow-bandwidth ALF, which is useful for free space optical communication systems and laser spectroscopy.
We present a model of an atomic filter based on laser-induced optical anisotropy that is achieved by the combination of a double selective pump. Most of these kinds of atomic optical filters reported previously adopt only one pump to make the atoms populate on particular sublevels. In this paper, another pump is added to the filter system to make sure all the atoms are in the pump–probe cycle. The feasibility of the re-pump is analyzed by employing the rate equation, and the contribution of the re-pump to the filter is discussed under various conditions. Simulation results show that the re-pump can not only enhance the transmission of the filter, but also vary the transmission spectrum peak wavelength.
We demonstrate a tunable narrowband filter based on optical-pumping-induced circular dichroism in rubidium vapor. The filter achieves a peak transmission of 14.6%, a linewidth of 80 MHz, and an out-of-band extinction of >or=35 dB. The transmission peak can be tuned within the range of the Doppler linewidth of the D1 line of atomic rubidium at 795 nm. While other atomic filters work at frequencies far from absorption, the presented technique provides light resonant with atomic media, useful for atom-photon interaction experiments. The technique could readily be extended to other alkali atoms.