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Optics Communications

A nonlinear optical-fiber interferometer for nondemolitional measurement of photon number

N. Imoto, S. Watkins, Yutaka Sasaki

Published Jan 1, 1987• 60 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(87)90240-9

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Two-Photon Interferometry

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Elsevier eBooks•Jan 1, 2003•1 citation
We propose a new method for performing continuous quantum nondemolition measurements (QNDM) of the polarization characteristics of light, the signal photon number, and the Stokes parameters of light. For devices that implement such measurements we take cubically nonlinear double-filament optical fibers with tunnel coupling of the filaments. Such a system employs a four-mode mixing of the waves (two probe modes and two signal modes). Linear optical elements needed for preliminary and subsequent conversion of the Stokes parameters are also used. We show that measurements of one Stokes parameter can be used for QNDM of the phase difference between the two initial modes. Here the accuracy of such measurements is determined by the initial fluctuations of the Stokes parameters of the probe modes and by the size of the nonlinear mode conversion coefficient in the optical fibers.
To try to demonstrate a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of photon number,1 we built a nonlinear interferometer system with a 10-km polarization-maintaining fiber. (In theory, this fiber length is nearly optimum for 1.5-μm operation.) The optical Kerr effect allows a signal beam intensity to change a probe beam phase, which can then be read out by the interferometer. A modified ring interferometer structure and feedback stabilization enabled the 1,32-μm probe to read the intensity of the 1.06-μm signal beam. We measured a χ(3) value in this fiber of3.6× 10-33(1.4×10-33)MKS when the polarization of the signal beam is coincident with (perpendicular to) that of the probe beam. The interferometer output spectrum displayed large noise peaks due to guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS)2 in the fiber. GAWBS was also observed in 5-km conventional single-mode fibers in various interferometer configurations. The coexistence of two different kinds of GAWBS (polarized and depolarized) makes it particularly difficult to obtain QND measurements. We conclude that a QND measurement system free from GAWBS noise requires differential phase detection of two pulses having the same polarization state.