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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Random amplification of coherent light in diffusive random lasers

Ravitej Uppu, Sushil A. Mujumdar

Published May 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Random lasing is a phenomenon in which light amplification is favoured by a disordered environment[1]. A vast body of research exists that endorses the exciting physics seen in such media[2-4]. Hitherto, however, these systems have always been studied in the self-amplification mode where the spontaneous fluorescence of the medium is amplified. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the amplification of an external coherent signal by a random amplifying system. This is the first such demonstration, which has potential applications in optical amplifiers, frequency control of random lasers[5,6] etc.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2013.6801449

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Random lasing is a phenomenon in which light amplification is favoured by a disordered environment[1]. A vast body of research exists that endorses the exciting physics seen in such media[2-4]. Hitherto, however, these systems have always been studied in the self-amplification mode where the spontaneous fluorescence of the medium is amplified. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the amplification of an external coherent signal by a random amplifying system. This is the first such demonstration, which has potential applications in optical amplifiers, frequency control of random lasers[5,6] etc.
In this paper we present calculations on light diffusion with amplification that can explain previous experiments on the spontaneous emission from such a medium. Also we discuss the experimental considerations on realizing a medium that both multiply scatters and amplifies light. In an amplifying random medium different processes can occur. We argue that one can distinguish three regimes depending on the amount of scattering, and discuss these regimes in the context of random laser action. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The spatial formation of coherent random laser modes in strongly scattering disordered random media is a central feature in the understanding of the physics of random lasers. We derive a quantum field theoretical method for random lasing in disordered samples of complex amplifying Mie resonators which is able to provide self-consistently and free of any fit parameter the full set of transport characteristics at and above the laser phase transition. The coherence length and the correlation volume respectively is derived as an experimentally measurable scale of the phase transition at the laser threshold. We find that the process of stimulated emission in extended disordered arrangements of active Mie resonators is ultimately connected to time-reversal symmetric multiple scattering in the sense of photonic transport while the diffusion coefficient is finite. A power law is found for the random laser mode diameters in stationary state with increasing pump intensity.
We study fluctuations of the number of photocounts measured by an ideal photodetector illuminated by light scattered in an amplifying disordered medium, below the threshold for random lasing. We show that the variance of fluctuations and their correlation function carry information about fluctuating properties of the medium. A direct link is established between the fluctuations of the number of photocounts due to the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and the dimensionless conductance ggg of the medium. Our results suggest a possibility of probing amplifying disordered media by analyzing statistics of their ASE, without illuminating them from outside by a probe beam.
In the last decade Anderson Localization of Light and Random Lasing has attracted a variety of interest in the community of condensed matter theory. The fact that a system so inartificial as a thin layer consisting of dust particles, which have amplifying properties, can produce coherent laser emission, is of a simple elegance, which promises new insights in fundamental physics. There is no need of an external feedback mechanism, like in the system of a conventional laser. Whereas several attempts try to enter the subject numerically by considering cavity approximations, this thesis is concerned with building a microscopically self-consistent theory of random lasing. Designing this method, we had to study light localization effects in random media including absorption and gain. Incorporating interference effects by means of Cooperon contributions we derived Anderson localized states for passive media. Mapping this on a system which consists of laser active Mie-scatterers in a passive medium, we found that by incorporation of the Cooperon, we loose the Anderson localization, but the system is weakly localized, which is sufficient for population inversion and stimulated emission.
We study local and nonlocal correlations of light transmitted through active random media. The conventional approach results in divergence of ensemble-averaged correlation functions due to the existence of lasing realizations. We introduce a conditional average for correlation functions by omitting the divergent realizations. Our numerical simulation reveals that amplification does not affect local spatial correlation. The nonlocal intensity correlations are strongly magnified due to selective enhancement of the contributions from long propagation paths. We also show that by increasing gain, the average mode linewidth can be made comparable to the average mode spacing. This implies that light transport through a diffusive random system with gain may exhibit some similarities with that through a localized passive system.
We investigated several types of random lasing modes against frequency and the excitation of active medium. Random lasing occurring from multiple light scatterings and the interference effect of the scattered light has various complex lasing states in disordered structures, in which light waves are localized in various forms. Modes of random lasing are generally classified into localized, extended and transition modes based on their localization types. Numerical methods are used for analysing such complex phenomena. In this paper, a finite-element method is used to investigate the relationship among lasing modes, frequency and population inversion density of active medium for random lasing. Light amplification defined as the ratio of radiative powers between excited and non-excited states of the active medium is computed by changing both the frequency and the population inversion density of the active medium, which is modelled by the negative imaginary part of relative permittivity. The distributions of random lasing modes is strongly influenced by the lasing frequency. We also found that the localized modes that are strongly confined lasing modes in disordered structures do not appear in the frequency ranges in which mean free paths are approximately equal to the half-wavelength.