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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Predominance of the multimagnon incoherent component and minuteness of the zero-magnon coherent component in one-body Green’s functions for half-filled Hubbard models

Norikazu Tomita, Keiichirō Nasu

Published Sep 15, 1999• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Weights of the multimagnon (incoherent) component and the zero-magnon (coherent) one in the Lehmann's spectral representation of the one-body Green's functions are determined for the one- and the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard models. The one-body Green's functions with specific momenta are calculated by means of a quantum Monte Carlo simulation. To distinguish the coherent component from the incoherent one in this Lehmann's spectrum, a site-diagonal staggered potential $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ is artificially added to the Hubbard models. Due to this $\ensuremath{\Delta},$ an energy gap opens in the magnon excitation, and as a result, the coherent component is clearly separated from the incoherent one. Systematic analysis on the $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ dependence of these two components shows that the weight of the coherent component is less than a few percent for each dimension in the limit of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}0,$ which corresponds with the usual Hubbard model. This means that the incoherent component predominates the spectrum, while the coherent component makes only a minute contribution. In contrast to the widely accepted one-electron band picture, our calculations indicate that the so-called lower Hubbard band peak in the photoemission spectrum of the metal-oxide insulator originates mainly from this incoherent component. It does not correspond with the coherent one that reflects a one-electron state.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.60.8602

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Weights of the multimagnon (incoherent) component and the zero-magnon (coherent) one in the Lehmann's spectral representation of the one-body Green's functions are determined for the one- and the two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard models. The one-body Green's functions with specific momenta are calculated by means of a quantum Monte Carlo simulation. To distinguish the coherent component from the incoherent one in this Lehmann's spectrum, a site-diagonal staggered potential \ensuremathΔ\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremathΔ is artificially added to the Hubbard models. Due to this \ensuremathΔ,\ensuremath{\Delta},\ensuremathΔ, an energy gap opens in the magnon excitation, and as a result, the coherent component is clearly separated from the incoherent one. Systematic analysis on the \ensuremathΔ\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremathΔ dependence of these two components shows that the weight of the coherent component is less than a few percent for each dimension in the limit of \ensuremathΔ\ensuremath→0,\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}0,\ensuremathΔ\ensuremath→​0, which corresponds with the usual Hubbard model. This means that the incoherent component predominates the spectrum, while the coherent component makes only a minute contribution. In contrast to the widely accepted one-electron band picture, our calculations indicate that the so-called lower Hubbard band peak in the photoemission spectrum of the metal-oxide insulator originates mainly from this incoherent component. It does not correspond with the coherent one that reflects a one-electron state.
We have theoretically studied various one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard models from weak correlation cases to strong ones, and calculated the Lehmann spectra of the momentum-specified one-body Green's functions, as well as the total density of states (DOS), using the quantum Monte Carlo method. In the region of intermediate correlation strength, we have found the DOS has new characteristic peaks near the Fermi level, in addition to the well-known upper and lower Hubbard-band peaks. We show these new peaks near the Fermi level come from quasi-coherent states, while the upper and lower Hubbard-band peaks come from strongly incoherent ones. This multi-peaked structure, appearing only in the intermediate region, is shown to be quite insensitive to the dimensionality. Finally, we compare our results with the static single impurity model, and give a rough and intuitive explanation for the origin of this newly obtained multi-peaked structure. Our results also qualitatively agree with the recent experiments on CaVO 3 and SrVO 3 crystals.
An analytic approach is presented of electronic one-particle spectra of the one-band Hubbard model at half filling in the antiferromagnetic phase. Starting from the strong-coupling regime U\ensuremath{\gg}:t, a projection technique is used to set up self-consistent coupled equations for the electron Green function, which are valid down to values U\ensuremath{\approx}t. The self-consistent equation for the hole propagator is a direct generalization of the one found from the t-J model. This gives further support to the ``string'' picture, where propagation of holes creates strings of overturned spins with which the holes interact. In the present work hopping of holes (or electrons) with up spin on the down sublattice is also taken into acount, as well as transitions between the lower and upper Hubbard bands. These are shown to change significantly the incoherent part of the t-J model spectra, by smearing out the shake-off peaks, reminiscent of higher bound string states due to multispin scattering. Coherent (quasiparticle) peaks exist at the band edges, on both sides of the insulating gap. We show that with decreasing U the quasiparticle concept loses its meaning for wave vectors at the center of the magnetic Brillouin zone (MBZ). For large values of U the dispersion of the quasiparticle is found to scale with its band width, which is of order J. Extrema are always found at k=(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2). The weight of the quasiparticle at this k value decreases logarithmically with increasing U. In the strong-coupling limit the spectrum tends to be symmetric, i.e., to become an even function of the frequency around the chemical potential, for any wave vector. For small values of U the dispersion at the edge of the MBZ flattens away, as expected when approaching the noninteracting limit. The spectral function in this regime, for wave vectors away from the edge of the MBZ, is concentrated mainly on one side of the chemical potential.
Using grand canonical quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations combined with maximum entropy analytic continuation, as well as analytical methods, we examine the one- and two-particle dynamical properties of the Hubbard model on two coupled chains at half-filling. The one-particle spectral weight function, A(k,\ensuremath{\omega}), undergoes a qualitative change with interchain hopping ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$ associated with a transition from a four-band insulator to a two-band insulator. A simple analytical model based on the propagation of exact rung singlet states gives a good description of the features at large ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$. For smaller ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$, A(k,\ensuremath{\omega}) is similar to that of the one-dimensional model, with a coherent band of width the effective antiferromagnetic exchange J which is reasonably well described by renormalized spin-wave theory. The coherent band rides on a broad background of width several times the parallel hopping integral t, an incoherent structure similar to that found in calculations on both the one- and two-dimensional models. We also present QMC results for the two-particle spin and charge excitation spectra, and relate their behavior to the rung singlet picture for large ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$ and to the results of spin-wave theory for small ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The spectral weight function A(p,\ensuremath{\omega}) and density of states D(\ensuremath{\omega}) at half filling are calculated with an exact diagonalization technique on the 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 square lattice in the one-band Hubbard model from weak to strong coupling. Quasiparticle peaks are observed at weak and moderate couplings, while mostly incoherent structure appears at strong coupling. The gap in the density of states can be observed for all couplings and widens as the interaction strength increases.