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Optics Letters

Generation of high-contrast narrow-band subpicosecond correlations from broadband stochastic fields

Jisoo Moon, Philip R. Battle, Mark Bashkansky, John F. Reintjes

Published Apr 15, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate that two broadband stochastic fields generated by use of either parametric frequency conversion or stimulated Raman scattering can be mixed in a nonlinear crystal to produce an output spectrum with a pronounced narrow-band feature. This narrow-band feature, which we show is due to the phase-correlated nature of the beams, is present when the two broadband beams are delayed less than a coherence length relative to each other. We apply this technique to a novel measurement of the field cross-correlation function between two broadband stochastic fields with different center frequencies.

DOI
10.1364/ol.20.000831

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We demonstrate that two broadband stochastic fields generated by use of either parametric frequency conversion or stimulated Raman scattering can be mixed in a nonlinear crystal to produce an output spectrum with a pronounced narrow-band feature. This narrow-band feature, which we show is due to the phase-correlated nature of the beams, is present when the two broadband beams are delayed less than a coherence length relative to each other. We apply this technique to a novel measurement of the field cross-correlation function between two broadband stochastic fields with different center frequencies.
The problem of generating a narrow-band biphoton field during spontaneous parametric down conversion of light in a quadratic nonlinear medium in a cavity is discussed. It is shown that, in the case of double resonance (for signal and idle fields), the form of the single-photon wave packet is biexponential and has a half-width determined by the photon life time in the cavity. An experiment is carried out on the generation of narrow-band biphotons in a crystal of lithium iodine with I-type matching in a frequency degenerate collinear regime. The second-order correlation function of the cavity-enhanced biphotons is measured using the electric nanosecond time delay line.
We demonstrate that single-mode broadband amplified spontaneous parametric downconversion, combined with optical parametric amplification, can be used as a classical source of phase-sensitive cross-correlated beams. We first study the single spatial mode emission and the spectral brightness properties of the parametric fluorescence, produced in periodically poled MgO-doped lithium niobate. Using the same single-pass bulk-crystal configuration for a pulsed optical parametric amplifier, we achieve a gain of approximately 20 dB at an average pump power of 2W, and explain the pulse narrowing observed at the output of both parametric fluorescence and amplification in the regime of high gain. Combining these two nonlinear processes, we measured optical coherence tomography signals with standard InGaAs photodiodes, thus realizing the first classical interferometer based on amplified parametric fluorescence. The results suggest their utility for demonstrating phase-conjugate optical coherence tomography.
We report on the observation of broadband (40 THz) bright twin beams through high-gain parametric downconversion in an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The output photon number is shown to scale exponentially with the pump power and not with the pump amplitude, as in homogeneous crystals. Photon number correlations and the number of frequency/temporal modes are assessed by spectral covariance measurements. By using sum-frequency generation on the surface of a non-phase-matched crystal, we measure a cross-correlation peak with the temporal width of 90 fs.
Two versions of an anti-Stokes stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) experiment are presented, one with narrow-band light, the other with broadband light. The interferograms exhibit, at optical periods, alternation between complete signal extinction and high signal intensity with much higher contrast than seen in ordinary linear interferometry. Furthermore, for broadband excitation, the envelope of the high-contrast SRS interferogram is limited to an ultrashort time period. Possible applications of such signals for use as switches or logic gates are discussed.
We demonstrate broadband light generation in diamond pumped by two-color femtosecond laser pulses. We find that phase matching plays a critical role in the output angle and frequency of the generated sidebands. When a third femtosecond probe pulse is applied to the crystal in the boxed Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering geometry, a two-dimensional array of multi-color beams is generated through the Raman, four-wave mixing, and six-wave-mixing processes. We test the mutual coherence between the generated sidebands. Such coherence, maintained over the broad spectrum, opens possibilities for synthesis of subfemtosecond light waveforms.
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a simple and reliable optical technique for matching between two periodic numerical sequences based on optical single-shot measurement of their broadband cross-correlation function in the frequency domain. Each sequence is optically encoded into the shape of the different broadband femtosecond pulse using pulse-shaping techniques. The two corresponding shaped pulses are mixed in a nonlinear medium together with an additional (amplitude-shaped) narrowband pulse. The spectrum of the resulting four-wave mixing signal is measured to provide the cross-correlation function of the two encoded sequences. For identical sequences it is the auto-correlation function that is being measured, allowing also the identification of the sequence period. The high contrast achieved here between cross-correlation and auto-correlation functions allows to determine with a very high reliability whether the two encoded sequences are identical or not. The demonstrated technique might be employed in an optical implementation of CDMA communication protocol.