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Advanced materials research

Influence of Pump Light’s Duty Cycle on Cesium Atomic Magnetometer

Xian Jin Zeng, Jun Hai Zhang, Qiang Liu, Zongjun Huang, Wei Min Sun

Published Sep 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, atomic magnetometers have been researched widely for its ultra high sensitivity. But the influence of pump light’s duty cycle on atomic magnetometers has been concerned little. In this paper, we described a sensitive cesium atomic magnetometer based on circular dichroism, which had the advantage of easily locking the probing laser to the necessary frequency. We experimentally investigated the amplitudes and linewidths of magnetic resonance signals at different modulated duty cycle of the pump light. The result indicated that our magnetometer achieved the highest sensitivity at the duty cycle of 30%. It’s valuable for optimizing the sensitivity of most atomic magnetometers.

DOI
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.209

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Recently, atomic magnetometers have been researched widely for its ultra high sensitivity. But the influence of pump light’s duty cycle on atomic magnetometers has been concerned little. In this paper, we described a sensitive cesium atomic magnetometer based on circular dichroism, which had the advantage of easily locking the probing laser to the necessary frequency. We experimentally investigated the amplitudes and linewidths of magnetic resonance signals at different modulated duty cycle of the pump light. The result indicated that our magnetometer achieved the highest sensitivity at the duty cycle of 30%. It’s valuable for optimizing the sensitivity of most atomic magnetometers.
Recently, atomic magnetometers have been reported as the most sensitive magnetometers by completely eliminating the spin exchange relaxation. In this paper, we described a design of highly sensitive cesium atomic magnetometer based on circular dichroism, which had the advantage of easily locking the probing laser to the necessary frequency compared with those based on circular birefringence. In order to polarize the cesium atoms uniformly, the pumping laser light was separated into two counter-propagating and counter-circular polarization beams through the atomic vapor cell. We employed a circular analyzer optical configuration to measure the ellipticity of the probing light, which indicated the amplitude of the magnetic field. The external magnetic field was tracked by a digital auto frequency tracking system.
An all-optical cesium magnetometer with high sensitivity based on absorptive detection is reported. The experiment achieves a polarized rotational spectrum of the probe light which is induced by circular dichroism and a quarter wave plate together. The frequency response of the rotational spectrum is 1.8 mrad/Hz at Larmor precession resonance. Analyzing the signal-to-noise ratio from the experimentally observed spectrum, we predict that the magnetic measurement sensitivity of 0.3 pT/Hz 1/2 would be obtained in the responsive range from 20 nT to 2000 nT.
A cesium atomic magnetometer based on laser-pumped rf resonance has been investigated and demonstrated experimentally. Atoms are polarized and pumped to dark states by circularly polarized light. When there exists a magnetic field, the corresponding magnetization will be precessing around the magnetic field at Larmor frequency. By means of adding a resonant rf magnetic field, the atoms will be depolarized and absorb photons again. By detecting the spectrum of the transmitted light, one can obtain the information about the external magnetic field. We build an 894nm external cavity diode laser with a frequency stabilization device, and a low noise magnetic field measurement environment. After the optimization of the magnetometer parameter and closed-loop measurement, an ultimate sensitivity of 19 fT/Hz1/2 and an intrinsic sensitivity of 1.8 pT/Hz1/2 have been achieved with the spatial resolution smaller than 2 cm.
We describe our approach to atomic magnetometry based on the push-pull optical pumping technique. Cesium vapor is pumped and probed by a resonant laser beam whose circular polarization is modulated synchronously with the spin evolution dynamics induced by a static magnetic field. The magnetometer is operated in a phase-locked loop, and it has an intrinsic sensitivity below 20fT/Hz, using a room temperature paraffin-coated cell. We use the magnetometer to monitor magnetic field fluctuations with a sensitivity of 300fT/Hz.
In order to availably solve the crosstalk of the traditionally optically pumped magnetometer,in which an oscillating magnetic field drives transitions between Zeeman magnetic sublevels,an all-optical cesium(Cs)atomic magnetometer based on Bell-Bloom structure has been investigated and demonstrated experimentally in this paper.When there is an external magnetic field,by analyzing the Larmor precession spectrum of the polarized ground state atoms induced by a modulated pump laser,the atomic magnetometer with high sensitivity is achieved.First,we present the operating principle of the magnetometer with amplitude modulation and set up the experimental system by means of a three-layer magnetic shield.Then in the case of 100 nT field by optimizing the experimental parameters,i.e.,the frequency and intensity of the pump laser,we have obtained the atomic precession spectrum with line width(full width at half maximum)of 22 Hz and signal noise ratio(SNR)of 3.2×104 per unit hertz band width,and then have evaluated the magnetometer with an intrinsic sensitivity of 100fT/Hz1/2 and spatial resolution smaller than 1.2cm,while the experimentally closed loop test shows that the cesium atomic magnetometer would have the sensitivity of 120fT/Hz1/2 and response time of 300 ms.
We describe our approach to atomic magnetometry based on the push-pull optical pumping technique. Cesium vapor is pumped and probed by a resonant laser beam whose circular polarization is modulated synchronously with the spin evolution dynamics induced by a static magnetic field. The magnetometer is operated in a phase-locked loop, and it has an intrinsic sensitivity below 20fT/Hz, using a room temperature paraffin-coated cell. We use the magnetometer to monitor magnetic field fluctuations with a sensitivity of 300fT/Hz.