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Physics Letters A

Elucidation of the neutron coherence length and a matter-wave sideband interferometer

Robert Golub, S. K. Lamoreaux

Published Feb 1, 1992• 39 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(92)90987-w

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The coherence length of a neutron wave packet depends on the spectral width of the distribution of wave vectors that make up the packet. The coherent overlap of the wave packets traversing the two beam paths in a perfect-silicon-crystal neutron interferometer (NI) is altered by placing a material with a neutron-nuclear optical potential in one of the beam paths in the NI. If the optical potential is positive, it causes a delay of the wave packet and a loss of fringe visibility. By use of an analyzer crystal, we narrow the spectral distribution after the mixing and interference has occurred in the last crystal slab of the NI. This increases the coherence length and restores some of the fringe visibility.
Spectral filtering of the time-separated neutrons passing through an interferometer reconstitutes the interference pattern through the formation of a macroscopic superposition out of the neutron beams and produces squeezed states. In this paper we use matter-waves squeezed states produced in this way to manipulate the rate of expansion of the neutron wave packet. We demonstrate that these quantum states also have nontrivial correlations 〈\ensuremath{\Delta}k\ensuremath{\Delta}x〉. The Heisenberg relation for the spread of the wave packet holds even in this case and the reversal of the wave packet spreading is impossible. However, one can manipulate the rate of the wave packet expansion by changing the phase shift in one of the arms of a neutron interferometer.