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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Information structure of optical radiation

Vitaly Ivanovich Khimenko

Published Dec 27, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Properties of a coherence of radiations are considered and new outcomes under the probability analysis of performances as 'of intersections of levels' for intensity of an optical radiation are shown. These outcomes are useful at a solution of inverse of problems of optics, when on measurements of intensity of an optical field it is necessary to execute a detection, discernment or classification of signals.

DOI
10.1117/12.262555

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Properties of a coherence of radiations are considered and new outcomes under the probability analysis of performances as 'of intersections of levels' for intensity of an optical radiation are shown. These outcomes are useful at a solution of inverse of problems of optics, when on measurements of intensity of an optical field it is necessary to execute a detection, discernment or classification of signals.
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The possibilities of obtaining information on the time dependence of the amplitude and phase of an optical signal by the spectral modulation method are analysed. Three variants of the signal analysis are considered: a direct analysis of the signal whose parameters are changing in time; studies of the time-dependent optical characteristics of an object or a medium under study by probing them with radiation of the known structure; and measurements of the parameters of radiation propagated through the object and simultaneous determination and analysis of time-dependent structures of the signal and transfer function describing the effect of the transfer medium, the object, or an optical system on the propagated signal.
Stochastic optics may be considered as simply a local realistic interpretation of quantum optics and, in this sense, it is a first step in the reinterpretation of the whole of quantum theory. However, as it is not possible to interpret all the details of quantum theory in a local realistic manner, as shown by Bell's theorem, minor changes are introduced in the formalism with the consequence that the new theory makes different predictions in some special cases. In stochastic optics, the quantum-operator formalism is simply considered a formal way of dealing with stochastic fields. In particular, the quantum zero point is taken as a real random electromagnetic radiation filling the whole of space. This radiation noise has the same nature as light signals, the only difference being the greater intensity of the latter. We assume that photon detectors have an intensity threshold just above the level of the noise, thus detecting only signals. Transmission of radiation through polarizers follows Malus's law, but the interplay of signal and noise leads quite naturally to the prediction that the detection probability of some signals is enhanced, which is known to be a necessary condition for the violation of the empirically tested Bell inequalities. In our view, correlated photon pairs are pairs of light signals supercorrelated in polarization, in the sense that, as well as the signal, the accompanying noise is also correlated. Thus stochastic optics allows predictions for the empirical correlations very close, but not identical, to the quantum ones. The theory is applied to the analysis of all experiments designed to test the Bell inequalities by measuring polarization correlations of photon pairs. The predictions agree with quantum optics and experiments within statistical errors, except for the Holt-Pipkin experiment. In this case, the experimental results agree with stochastic optical predictions within two standard deviations while violating quantum optics by four.
A mathematical model of the interaction of bichromatic laser radiation with alkali metal atoms in an optically dense gas cell at above room temperature is constructed. Within the framework of the model, complete hyperfine and Zeeman structures of alkali metal atom levels are considered, which allows the propagation of radiation polarisation along the cell and the effect of a constant magnetic field to be correctly taken into account. It is found that the selective detection of polarisation radiation components carries additional information in comparison with a signal of total intensity.