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Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy

Some characteristics of laser excited atomic fluorescence in a three-level scheme

Michail A. Bolshov, A. Zybin, Vsevolod G. Koloshnikov, Konstantin N. Koshelev

Published Jan 1, 1977• 30 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0584-8547(77)80030-x

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A beam of two-level atoms or ions excited by the resonant laser radiation orthogonal to the beam is observed from the third orthogonal direction. The well known resonance fluorescence three-peaked spectrum is deformed when the atoms or ions forming the beam oscillate at the Rabi frequency in the direction of the laser radiation wavevector, and the characteristic feature appears on the spectrum. The calculation based on the Bloch equations is presented and possible applications of the effect are discussed.
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In this paper, we present a method to measure transient fluorescent dynamics with single trapped ions in a Paul trap. We use 40 Ca + ions that exhibit a Λ-type three-level system and measure the characteristic optical pumping times between the ground S 1/2 and the meta-stable D 3/2 levels. We prepare one of these states and then pump it to the opposite via the excited P 1/2 state. By measuring the scattered photons of the ion, we retrieve transient curves of the atomic fluorescence. These curves provide fundamental information about the atomic system, such as branching fractions and excited-state lifetimes, as well as experimental parameters like the efficiency of the detection system and the saturation parameter of one of the transitions. Finally, we study the time-dependent fluorescence as a function of optical power and detuning of the lasers and find a very good agreement with simulating the dynamics via a three-level open quantum system through a set of optical Bloch equations. Being able to record time-dependent fluorescence is of particular interest as it contains information about the temperature, cooling, and heating dynamics of the ion.