Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Quantum nondemolition measurement of a photon number using electron interferometers of semiconductor microstructures

Akira Shimizu

Published Apr 1, 1991• 28 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We discuss effects of quantized electromagnetic fields upon the electronic conduction in interferometers of semiconductor microstructures. An optical field in an arbitrary quantum state is assumed to hit the interferometer, and the time evolution of the coupled photon-electron system is evaluated. It is found that the interferometer works as a quantum nondemolition photodetector if the interferometer is designed such that the interaction is switched adiabatically.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.43.3819

Related papers

Quantum nondemolition measurement of parity and generation of parity eigenstates in optical fields

Christopher C. Gerry, Adil Benmoussa, Richard A. Campos

The parity of photonic number states is known to be an important observable for quantized electromagnetic fields with applications to quantum information processing and to Heisenberg-limited measurement of phase shifts in quantum interferometry performed with maximally entangled states and with twin number states. In this paper we describe an approach to the quantum nondemolition measurement of parity for quantized optical fields. The method proposed involves the use of a cross-Kerr interaction where we assume a large Kerr nonlinearity is available through the techniques of electromagnetically induced transparency. Our proposed method does not require the measurement of photon number but rather measures parity directly. The method not only allows for the quantum nondemolition measurement of parity but also allows for the von Neumann projection of parity eigenstates from an arbitrary field state. The generation and detection of higher-order parity eigenstates is also discussed. Losses from dissipation and the effects of detector efficiency are considered.

Physical Review A•Nov 29, 2005•49 citations

Soliton-collision interferometer for the quantum nondemolition measurement of photon number: numerical results

Yoshitaka Sakai, Raymond J. Hawkins, Stephen R. Friberg

Using analytic theory and numerical experiments, we show that a quantum nondemolition measurement of the photon number of optical solitons in a single-mode optical fiber can be made. We describe the soliton-collision interferometer with which we propose to make this measurement and discuss simulations of the performance of this interferometer.

Optics Letters•Feb 15, 1990•26 citations

Decoherence of the field in quantum nondemolition photon number measurement using the Kerr nonlinearity

A. V. Kozlovskiĭ

The role of decoherence of an electromagnetic field in the process of quantum nondemolition measurement of the number of photons using a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer is investigated. This decoherence is caused by distributed losses in a Kerr medium. A long interaction time between the field and the medium is required to achieve a high accuracy in the photon number measurement. The losses in the Kerr medium accompanying the resonance four-wave interaction between the measured and the probe fields lead to a measurement error close to unity at γτ ≫1 (γ is the rate of losses in the medium, and τ is the time of interaction between the field and the medium); consequently, nondemolition quantum measurement turns out to be impossible in the scheme considered. Under these conditions, an increase in the intensity of the probe field does not result in achievement of the required measurement accuracy.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Nov 1, 2004•0 citations

Quantum nondemolition photon counting with a hybrid electromechanical probe

Junjie Liu, Hsing-Ta Chen, Dvira Segal

Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of photons is a much pursued endeavor in the field of quantum optics and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a hybrid optoelectromechanical platform that integrates a cavity system with a hybrid electromechanical probe for QND photon counting. Building upon a mechanical-mode-mediated nonperturbative electro-optical dispersive coupling, our protocol performs the QND photon counting measurement by means of the current-voltage characteristics of the probe. In particular, we show that the peak voltage shift of the differential conductance is linearly dependent on the photon occupation number, thus providing a sensitive measure of the photon number, especially in the strong optomechanical coupling regime. Given that our proposed hybrid system is compatible with state-of-the-art experimental techniques, we discuss its implementations and anticipate applications in quantum optics and polariton physics.

arXiv:2008.11130•Physical Review A•Dec 7, 2020•7 citations

Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of Photon Number through Raman Process

Zheng Nai

A scheme is proposed for realizing quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of the photon number of a cavity field.The QND coupling isachieved by using Raman interaction of- type three- level atoms with the field.The detection of atoms reducesthe field to a Fock state.

•Jan 1, 2000•0 citations

Dynamics of decoherence in continuous atom-optical quantum nondemolition measurements

Roberto Onofrio, Lorenza Viola

The Lindblad approach to continuous quantum measurements is applied to a system composed of a two-level atom interacting with a stationary quantized electromagnetic field through a dispersive coupling, fulfilling quantum nondemolition criteria. Two schemes of measurements are examined. The first one consists of measuring the atomic electric dipole, which indirectly allows one to infer the photon distribution inside the cavity. The second one schematizes a measurement of photon momentum, which permits one to describe the atomic level distribution. Decoherence of the corresponding reduced density matrices is studied in detail for both cases, and its relationship to recent experiments is finally discussed.

arXiv:quant-ph/9805060•Physical Review A•Jul 1, 1998•18 citations
We discuss effects of quantized electromagnetic fields upon the electronic conduction in interferometers of semiconductor microstructures. An optical field in an arbitrary quantum state is assumed to hit the interferometer, and the time evolution of the coupled photon-electron system is evaluated. It is found that the interferometer works as a quantum nondemolition photodetector if the interferometer is designed such that the interaction is switched adiabatically.
The parity of photonic number states is known to be an important observable for quantized electromagnetic fields with applications to quantum information processing and to Heisenberg-limited measurement of phase shifts in quantum interferometry performed with maximally entangled states and with twin number states. In this paper we describe an approach to the quantum nondemolition measurement of parity for quantized optical fields. The method proposed involves the use of a cross-Kerr interaction where we assume a large Kerr nonlinearity is available through the techniques of electromagnetically induced transparency. Our proposed method does not require the measurement of photon number but rather measures parity directly. The method not only allows for the quantum nondemolition measurement of parity but also allows for the von Neumann projection of parity eigenstates from an arbitrary field state. The generation and detection of higher-order parity eigenstates is also discussed. Losses from dissipation and the effects of detector efficiency are considered.
The role of decoherence of an electromagnetic field in the process of quantum nondemolition measurement of the number of photons using a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer is investigated. This decoherence is caused by distributed losses in a Kerr medium. A long interaction time between the field and the medium is required to achieve a high accuracy in the photon number measurement. The losses in the Kerr medium accompanying the resonance four-wave interaction between the measured and the probe fields lead to a measurement error close to unity at γτ ≫1 (γ is the rate of losses in the medium, and τ is the time of interaction between the field and the medium); consequently, nondemolition quantum measurement turns out to be impossible in the scheme considered. Under these conditions, an increase in the intensity of the probe field does not result in achievement of the required measurement accuracy.
Quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements of photons is a much pursued endeavor in the field of quantum optics and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a hybrid optoelectromechanical platform that integrates a cavity system with a hybrid electromechanical probe for QND photon counting. Building upon a mechanical-mode-mediated nonperturbative electro-optical dispersive coupling, our protocol performs the QND photon counting measurement by means of the current-voltage characteristics of the probe. In particular, we show that the peak voltage shift of the differential conductance is linearly dependent on the photon occupation number, thus providing a sensitive measure of the photon number, especially in the strong optomechanical coupling regime. Given that our proposed hybrid system is compatible with state-of-the-art experimental techniques, we discuss its implementations and anticipate applications in quantum optics and polariton physics.
The Lindblad approach to continuous quantum measurements is applied to a system composed of a two-level atom interacting with a stationary quantized electromagnetic field through a dispersive coupling, fulfilling quantum nondemolition criteria. Two schemes of measurements are examined. The first one consists of measuring the atomic electric dipole, which indirectly allows one to infer the photon distribution inside the cavity. The second one schematizes a measurement of photon momentum, which permits one to describe the atomic level distribution. Decoherence of the corresponding reduced density matrices is studied in detail for both cases, and its relationship to recent experiments is finally discussed.