Quantum computing (QC) is a fundamentally new interdisciplinary idea at the interface of physics, mathematics and informatics.Today QC is still in its initial stages in terms of its practical implementation due to difficulties related with maintaining a high level of quantum coherency at the macroscopic level.However, theoretical principles of QC are presently well understood and there is a significant on-going progress towards actual prototypes of functioning QC.Present protocols of secure electronic communication can be easily cracked by QC.Thus, the advent of QC can make almost all existing systems of confidential communications utterly unreliable.The present paper gives a non-specialist overview of the principles of QC and discusses some of its possible applications, and also addresses the above challenges concerning the reliability and security of information and communication systems.
Quantum computing (QC) is a fundamentally new interdisciplinary idea at the interface of physics, mathematics and informatics.Today QC is still in its initial stages in terms of its practical implementation due to difficulties related with maintaining a high level of quantum coherency at the macroscopic level.However, theoretical principles of QC are presently well understood and there is a significant on-going progress towards actual prototypes of functioning QC.Present protocols of secure electronic communication can be easily cracked by QC.Thus, the advent of QC can make almost all existing systems of confidential communications utterly unreliable.The present paper gives a non-specialist overview of the principles of QC and discusses some of its possible applications, and also addresses the above challenges concerning the reliability and security of information and communication systems.
Quantum computing has emerged as a disruptive technology with the potential to revolutionize various fields, including information security. Traditional cryptographic protocols, including RSA, ECC, and AES, rely on the difficulty of certain mathematical problems for their security. However, the advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to these encryption methods, as quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's algorithms can efficiently solve problems that are computationally hard for classical systems. This paper explores the implications of quantum computing on existing cryptographic systems and proposes strategies for future-proofing information security protocols. We examine the vulnerabilities introduced by quantum computing, highlight the role of post-quantum cryptography (PQC), and explore quantum key distribution (QKD) as potential solutions for ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of digital communications. The paper discusses various quantum-resistant algorithms and offers insights into the ongoing efforts by international standardization bodies to prepare for a post-quantum world.
Quantum computing is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and uses quantum bits (qubits) that can exist in a state of superposition and entanglement. They promise a revolution in computing and information security. Firstly, using quantum algorithms in information technology opens up new possibilities for processing and protecting data. Secondly, biometric information security relies on a person's unique physical and behavioural characteristics, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, iris, voice, and others. These methods provide a high level of security due to their uniqueness and difficulty in counterfeiting. Combining the principles of quantum computing and biometric information security allows us to identify their similarities and integration capabilities to create reliable systems for protecting confidential information. While previous research in biometric information security has focused on individual aspects of decision-making to ensure the information security of educational institutions when using facial recognition technologies, this work presents a comprehensive framework combining several components into a single unified system for using various quantum cryptography algorithms. The main advantages of using quantum computing in object and image detection include accelerating the computational process using quantum components, robustness at different object angles, suitability for moving or static conditions, cryptographic noise immunity, and the ability to work in real practical conditions. The advantages of the quantum cryptographic scheme for face recognition technologies include ease of implementation, high cryptography security, the ability to parallelise the processes of encoding and decoding images, and the fact that complex computer equipment is not required. The study results provide a solid foundation for developing hybrid quantum computing and biometric information security technologies. Using the possibility of hybrid computing opens up new horizons for the standardisation and public dissemination of new technologies, and such a combination ensures reliable protection of confidential information and stimulates further research aimed at improving data protection methods in the context of the rapid development of the digital world.
Quantum computational supremacy may potentially endanger the current cryptographic protection methods. Although quantum computers are still far from a practical implementation in information processing and storage, they should not be overlooked in the context of cybersecurity. Quantum computers operate with qubits - units of information that are governed by the fundamental principles of quantum physics, such as quantum superposition of states and quantum coherence. In order to address the new challenge that quantum computers pose to cybersecurity, the very principles of their operation have to be understood and are overviewed in this contribution.
Many researchers and laboratories have been engaged for years in a competition for a single objective, which is the quantum computer. Recently, Google has announced that it has achieved quantum supremacy with its quantum computer "Sycamore". According to Google, such a machine can make an astronomical quantity of calculations considerably faster than any conventional computer. A technology which could be a real revolution in several domains, Computing, Experimentation Technics, Artificial Intelligence, Medical, Chemical, Banking...etc. But, the main question is: when can it be a reality? In the present paper, we will explore quantum phenomena and explain principles of quantum computer especially the qubit (quantum bit), to finally explain whether or not the quantum computer is a reality and could it be a danger for the information systems? We will explore the subject by presenting existing works, and by defining the framework of laws to achieve a quantum computer that may solves all our possible problems.
This book provides a comprehensive and organized study of quantum technology, focusing on principles, mathematical foundations, and practical realizations of quantum teleportation and other processes in the field of quantum information. It starts with the basic principles of quantum mechanics (wave-particle duality, for instance) superposition and measurement theory all helping as the theoretical backbone of current quantum science. In addition to these basics, we provide a concise introduction and discussion of quantum energy or the quantization of energy levels, energy eigenstates and Planck’s constant, which determines what happens in microscopic systems allowing quantum theory an overlap with data from physical observables. Building on these principles, the book introduces quantum states and quantum entanglement, highlighting their non-classical correlations and their crucial role in facilitating quantum communication protocols. This book also discusses quantum gates and quantum circuits as the units of quantum computation and how quantum information is computed and manipulated by using controlled unitary operations. Also, it discusses the impact of both quantum decoherence and environmental noise which pose significant difficulties to coherent quantum systems and dependable information transmission. It discusses methods of error correction and coherence . This book further expanded to quantum cryptography and secure communications with more importance on protocols like quantum key distribution which make use of quantum principles to provide provable security. Quantum computing architectures and algorithms are also measured and various physical implementations and computational models that strive to produce scalable quantum processors are outlined. Problems and limitations of quantum teleportation are critically examined and these are, reliability issues, channel losses, scaling, and resource limitations. Lastly, the book ends by outlining the future of quantum technology, investigating the new technologies and opportunities, the possible advances, and the revolutionary use of quantum technologies in the fields of computation, communication and secure information processing.
The aim of the research is the mathematical analysis of quantum superdense coding based on quantum entanglement to increase the efficiency and reliability of information transmission in quantum communication systems. The essence of quantum superdense coding is the ability to transmit two classical bits of information using one qubit, which is part of an entangled pair. The fundamental principles of the superdense quantum coding method are considered. The relevance of the research in the context of the development of secure quantum communications and optimization of information transmission in quantum networks is substantiated. A review of modern scientific publications devoted to the theoretical principles of superdense coding is conducted, which indicate the development potential and practical prospects of this direction of quantum informatics. The analysis of mathematical modeling of quantum superdense encoding and decoding is performed using two alternative approaches – projective measurement in the Bell basis and the inverse Bell transform. It is shown that both approaches allow for the complete recovery of classical information transmitted using entangled quantum states. The advantage of the inverse Bell transform is the simplicity of implementation on quantum devices, the flexibility and accuracy of information processing, and the possibility of scaling, which makes it a reasonable choice in many practical applications. The influence of noise and decoherence on the efficiency of superdense coding has been studied, which is a critical factor in the practical implementation of this method in real quantum systems. A mathematical model of data transmission through a quantum channel under the action of additive white noise has been constructed. An analytical dependence of the probability of correct information recovery on the noise level has been established, which allows us to estimate the limits of reliability of superdense coding in noisy environments. Based on the research, the prospects for the practical application of superdense coding in quantum communication networks, in particular the quantum Internet, as well as in quantum computing and information security systems, have been outlined. The results obtained contribute to the further development of quantum technologies and can be used to create new protocols for highly efficient quantum data transmission.