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Foundations of Physics

On the Bose-Einstein condensation of free relativistic bosons with or without mass

Shigeji Fujita, Takashi Kimura, Yong Zheng

Published Sep 1, 1991• 16 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf00733389

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Using semiclassical approximation method, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of a relativistic ideal boson gas (RIBG) with and without antibosons in three-dimensional (3-D) harmonic traps is investigated. The BEC transition temperature T_{c} and the Helmholtz free energy at T_{c} are calculated. The effect of the rest mass of the boson on the properties of the system is also studied. We find that T_{c} of RIBG is higher than that of the nonrelativistic approximation. The RIBG with antibosons is also investigated and it is found that the Helmholtz free energy of the system with antibosons at T_{c} is lower than that of the system without antibosons. It implies that the system with antibosons is more stable.
We investigate the crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) pairing to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a relativistic superfluid within a boson-fermion model. The model includes, besides the fermions, separate bosonic degrees of freedom, accounting for the bosonic nature of the Cooper pairs. The crossover is realized by tuning the difference between the boson mass and boson chemical potential as a free parameter. The model yields populations of condensed and uncondensed bosons as well as gapped and ungapped fermions throughout the crossover region for arbitrary temperatures. Moreover, we observe the appearance of antiparticles for sufficiently large values of the crossover parameter. As an application, we study pairing of fermions with imbalanced populations. The model can potentially be applied to color superconductivity in dense quark matter at strong couplings.