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Physical Review Letters

Direct excitation of microwave-spin dressed states using a laser-excited resonance Raman interaction

M. S. Shahriar, Philip Hemmer

Published Oct 1, 1990• 84 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have used a laser-induced resonance Raman transition between the ground-state hyperfine sublevels in a sodium atomic beam to excite individual dressed states of the microwave-spin hyperfine transition. In addition, we have used the microwave interaction to excite the Raman trapped state. Extension of this technique to mm waves or to the far infrared may lead to applications such as mm-wave-beam steering and holographic image conversion.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.65.1865

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We have used a laser-induced resonance Raman transition between the ground-state hyperfine sublevels in a sodium atomic beam to excite individual dressed states of the microwave-spin hyperfine transition. In addition, we have used the microwave interaction to excite the Raman trapped state. Extension of this technique to mm waves or to the far infrared may lead to applications such as mm-wave-beam steering and holographic image conversion.
Sodium atoms prepared in hyperfine ground-state 11 > are driven to the other ground-state hyperfine level 12> when two laser beams nearly resonant with an optical transition have a frequency difference equal to the ground-state hyperfine splitting. When the two laser beams are counterpropagating, conservation of momentum between the atom and the light field requires that the atom acquire a velocity kick ~22 ħk/m during the 11> and 12> transition (~6 cm/sec in our experiment). When the lasers are detuned far from the optical transition, spontaneous emission from the intermediate optical level becomes negligible, and the atom behaves as a two-level system coupled to a resonant rf driving field. We have created an interferometer by applying a π/2-π-π/2 Raman pulse sequence: a first π/2 pulse coherently splits the atomic wave packet by putting it in a superposition of states 11> and 12>, a second π pulse occurring a time Δt later redirects each wave packet and a final π/2 pulse recombines the wave packets at time 2Δt. We have observed wave packet interference for wave packet separations of 2.4 mm and, by using the interferometer as an accelerometer, have measured the atom’s acceleration due to gravity to 3 parts in 106.
We describe a simple method to produce a clock transition with purely optical means through modulated pumping. We observe the field-independent ground state resonance of 87Rb atoms using sinusoidal modulation of the injection current of an AlGaAs laser diode emitting at 780 nm (FM modulation). We detect the 6.835 GHz resonance with a modulation frequency of 1.139 GHz. A high contrast resonance peak is observed and a condition for zero light shift is found. With a beam radius of approximately 3 mm and a buffer gas (N2) pressure of 680 Pa (5.1 Torr), a minimal linewidth of 290 Hz is observed. A theoretical study of the excitation of hyperfine coherences by a modulated laser beam is given.
A method is proposed for fast and deep polarization of the system of hyperfine sublevels of the ground state of an atom having an optical excited state by means of two-component microwave pulses. The pulse of the bichromatic optical field that induces the transitions between the ground state and excited state of the atom is supposed to provide coherence among the hyperfine sublevels of the atomic ground state via the effect of coherent population trapping. The subsequent resonance microwave pulses create the polarization of equally populated ground state sublevels of the atom. The proposed polarization technique may be used for designing the new schemes of quantum computers, for the pulse transformation in optical experiments when light passes through a resonant medium containing rear-earth ions, as well as for producing polarized nuclear targets.
We report an experimental observation of coherent population transfer in a multilevel system by adiabatic following through a trapped state. Raman transitions between ground-state sublevels are induced by two partially overlapping ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ polarized laser beams, tuned to the hyperfine transition F=4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}F'=4 of the cesium D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ line. An efficiency of more than 50% is observed for the mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=+4\ensuremath{\rightarrow}mF{\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{F}}mF​=-4 population transfer. The influence of other excited hyperfine levels on the transfer efficiency is pointed out. The feasibility of the technique with counterpropagating laser beams is also demonstrated.