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Physica Scripta

Manipulation of level-crossing signals using narrow-band or pulsed laser excitation

Jörgen Larsson, L. Sturesson, Sune R. Svanberg

Published Aug 1, 1989• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Level-crossing experiments yielding Doppler-free signals are normally performed using a CW light source with a broad spectral distribution ("white" excitation), and the signals obtained are described by a well-known formula due to Breit. By using a single-mode dye laser or a pulsed laser for the excitation, strong modifications of level-crossing signals can be obtained. Profound changes in hyperfine structure crossing signals are demonstrated in experiments, performed in a cell, on the 9 2 D 3/2 state of 133 Cs. Practical utilisation of unconventional excitation in level-crossing and optical double resonance spectroscopy is discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/40/2/004

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American Journal of Physics•Aug 1, 1991•3 citations
Level-crossing experiments yielding Doppler-free signals are normally performed using a CW light source with a broad spectral distribution ("white" excitation), and the signals obtained are described by a well-known formula due to Breit. By using a single-mode dye laser or a pulsed laser for the excitation, strong modifications of level-crossing signals can be obtained. Profound changes in hyperfine structure crossing signals are demonstrated in experiments, performed in a cell, on the 9 2 D 3/2 state of 133 Cs. Practical utilisation of unconventional excitation in level-crossing and optical double resonance spectroscopy is discussed.
Highly excited SSS, DDD, and FFF levels in cesium and rubidium have been populated utilizing a two-step optical excitation method. In the first step an rf lamp is used to transfer atoms into the first PPP states, and the subsequent excitation is performed with the tunable radiation of a cw dye laser. We give results for the hyperfine structure of several DDD and FFF states in Cs133{\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}Cs133 and Rb87{\mathrm{Rb}}^{87}Rb87, obtained in level-crossing and optical double resonance experiments.
Abstract Resonance scattering techniques are very useful for high-resolution atomic spectroscopy. The applicability of these techniques has been much extended, particularly through the rapid development of tunable-laser technology. The use of a narrow-band tunable laser, acting on a collimated atomic beam, gives a direct method enabling, for example, hyperfine structure and isotope shift studies. The intensity of lasers allows stepwise excitations to be performed, and with the two-photon absorption technique, Doppler-free measurements on thermal gases are also possible. By using pulsed lasers, time-resolved measurements yielding radiative life-times and structural information can be performed. The basic resonance scattering methods can be combined with radiofrequency and coherence techniques to yield a resolution, limited only by the uncertainty relation. Optical double resonance and level-crossing techniques, not requiring a narrow-band light source, have been extensively used. Several examples of the application of resonance scattering methods are given.
Abstract The paper surveys the techniques of Doppler-free spectroscopy based on the creation and detection of Hertzian coherence in atomic and molecular systems. The preparation of individual atoms in a coherent superposition of states with the use of broadband optical excitation is discussed, with particular reference to excitation by pulsed tunable dye lasers. Time-resolved observations of the fluorescent light emitted by these atoms reveal the interference phenomenon known as quantum beats and enable Landé g-factors, fine and hyperfine splittings of excited levels to be determined. An account of progress in recent experiments with probe-beam monitoring and pulse trains from mode-locked dye lasers completes this review.
Level-crossing effects have been detected non-optically with the use of a Rabi-type atomic-beam method. The sodium beam was excited by intense linearly polarised radiation from a CW narrow-band dye laser. Several superimposed resonances were observed in the atomic-beam signal when scanning the magnetic field around zero. The two narrower resonances are interpreted as high-order non-linear effects. They arise from the coupling of laser-induced Zeeman coherences in the ground state (including a hexa-decapole moment) with the populations of the Zeeman sublevels.
Stark effect investigations in the 6, 7 and 82D3/2,5/2levels of85Rb and the 8, 9 and 102D3/2,5/2levels of133Cs were performed with the level crossing technique. The levels were populated in a two-step excitation process, involving a CW tunable dye laser. The tensor polarizability of all states was measured and a good agreement with theoretical values, obtained with the Coulomb approximation, is found. Furthermore, the signs of the dipole interaction constants, determined to absolute value in earlier experiments, could be inferred. The sign was found to be positive for the2D3/2states and negative for the2D5/2states, indicating strong polarization effects in the magnetic hyperfine interaction.