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Physical Review A

Continuum Rayleigh scattering in an intense laser beam

M. Jacon

Published Apr 1, 1982• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of resonance Rayleigh scattering by an atom in an intense laser beam, whose bare spectrum consists of one discrete fundamental state and an excited continuum of states, is studied with the use of the density-matrix formalism. Evolution equations for the density-matrix elements are solved, leading to the determination of the populations of the atom in the discrete state $|g〉$ in the presence of $n$ laser photons, and to the calculation of the dipole-moment correlation function. The importance of cascade effects is discussed. The emitted spectrum is calculated and its dependence on the intensity of the laser beam and on the frequency of the incident photons is studied.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.25.2038

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AAA relativistic two-level model of a massive atom in the presence of an external plane-wave laser beam is solved. Using the resulting wave functions, the cross sections for the scattering of a photon of the laser frequency or one of its harmonics is calculated. Many interesting nonlinear effects are found, the most striking being the rapid change of the resonance frequency in the cross section for harmonic production as the intensity of the laser is increased. Both approximate and exact numerical results are presented.
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Equations of a semiclassical model of superradiant Rayleigh scattering of high-intensity short light pulses from a Bose-Einstein condensate of dilute atomic gases are solved numerically taking into account the excitation of atoms by coherent Rayleigh radiation and their recoil in the backward direction. The evolution of the populations of coherent atomic states with a particular momentum is studied, and the pulse shape and the structure of the spectrum of such scattering are found in relation to the laser beam intensity and the recoil kinetic energy of atoms.
In this paper we report on the study of two and multi-level atoms interacting with multiple laser beams. The semi-classical approach is used to describe the system in which the atoms are treated quantum mechanically via the density matrix operator, while the laser beams are treated classically using Maxwells equations. We present results of a two level atom interacting with single and multiple laser beams and demonstrate Rabi oscillations between the levels. The effects of laser modulation on the dynamics of the atom (atomic populations and coherences) are examined by solving the optical Bloch equations. Plots of the density matrix elements as a function of time are presented for various parameters such as laser intensity, detuning, modulation etc. In addition, phase-space plots and Fourier analysis of the density matrix elements are provided. The atomic polarization, estimated from the coherence terms of the density matrix elements, is used in the numerical solution of Maxwells equations to determine the behaviour of the laser beams as they propagate through the atomic ensemble. The effects of saturation and hole-burning are demonstrated in the case of two counter propagating beams with one being a strong beam and the other being very weak. The above work is extended to include four-wave mixing in four level atoms in a diamond configuration. Two co-propagating beams of different wavelengths drive the atoms from a ground state |1〉 to an excited state |3〉 via an intermediate state |2〉. The atoms then move back to the ground state via another intermediate state |4〉, resulting in the generation of two additional correlated photon beams. The characteristics of these additional photons are studied.
The general method developed in a previous paper (see ibid., vol.10, p.345 (1977)) is applied to the problem of resonance Raman scattering in very intense laser fields. At very low intensities the spectrum consists of three monochromatic lines (Rayleigh, Raman Stokes and anti-Stokes) which split into a triplet and two doublets when the laser light, tuned on one of the two transitions connecting the upper state to the two lower sublevels, has a sufficiently high intensity to saturate this transition but not the second one. The Raman and Rayleigh lines are completely mixed when the intensity becomes so high that both transitions are saturated. The corresponding evolution of the spectrum is determined. Optical-pumping effects leading to asymmetries in the fluorescence spectrum are taken into account.