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Physical Review Letters

Third-Harmonic Generation in Phase-Matched Rb Vapor

J. F. Young, Gary C. Bjorklund, A. H. Kung, Richard B. Miles, Stephen E. Harris

Published Dec 6, 1971• 116 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the generation of 0.3547-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation by tripling 1.064-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation in a phase-matched mixture of rubidium and xenon. We find $\ensuremath{\chi}(3\ensuremath{\omega})=1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}$ esu, which is about ${10}^{6}$ times greater than that of He. Phase matching occurs for Xe and Rb atoms in the ratio 412:1.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.27.1551

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We report the generation of 0.3547-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation by tripling 1.064-\ensuremath{\mu}m radiation in a phase-matched mixture of rubidium and xenon. We find \ensuremathχ(3\ensuremathω)=1.4\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−32\ensuremath{\chi}(3\ensuremath{\omega})=1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}\ensuremathχ(3\ensuremathω)=1.4\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−32 esu, which is about 106{10}^{6}106 times greater than that of He. Phase matching occurs for Xe and Rb atoms in the ratio 412:1.
Resonant enhancement of optical third-harmonic generation in cesium vapor has been observed when twice the energy of the fundamental photon becomes equal to the energy difference between the 9d2D329d^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}}9d2D23​​ level and the ground state of the cesium atom. The measured, effective coefficient is ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}30}$ esu/atom, which is more than a factor 108{10}^{8}108 larger than the corresponding coefficient for the helium atom. An effective coefficient is synthesized by first calculating the coefficient for a single cesium atom at rest and then including the effects of Doppler broadening and the fundamental laser spectrum. The calculated value is in satisfactory agreement with experiment.
Coherent radiation at various VUV wavelengths, e.g., 125.9, 126.1, and 125.4 nm, has been generated through fourwave mixing processes enhanced by two-photon resonances in xenon. Maximum efficiencies of the order of 10(-4) were achieved. Maximum output intensities of difference generation (2omega(1) - omega(2)) for 7p[0 (1/2)](0), 7p[1 (1/2)](2), and 6p' [1 (1/2)](2) resonant states occurred at xenon pressures of 24, 12.5, and 4 Torr, corresponding to values of phase mismatch per atom of 1.2 x 10(-18), 2.3 x 10(-18), and 7.1 x 10(-18) esu, respectively. Parametric generation at 117.0 nm through the 7s[1(1/2)](0)(1) state was also observed.