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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

A two-parameter family of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with real spectrum

Ebru Ergün

Published Oct 22, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce a Hamiltonian H α, β depending on the two complex parameters α and β and develop a through analysis of the spectral properties of this Hamiltonian and its adjoint. We determine the regions in the space of the complex parameters α and β, where H α, β is (i) Hermitian, (ii) non-Hermitian with real spectrum and (iii) non-Hermitian but PT -symmetric. In the case when H α, β is non-Hermitian having real spectrum, we derive a closed formula for a family of the metric operators, depending on two arbitrary real positive parameters, which render the Hamiltonian H α, β Hermitian. In a particular case we calculate the Hermitian counterpart of H α, β .

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/43/45/455212

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We introduce a Hamiltonian H α, β depending on the two complex parameters α and β and develop a through analysis of the spectral properties of this Hamiltonian and its adjoint. We determine the regions in the space of the complex parameters α and β, where H α, β is (i) Hermitian, (ii) non-Hermitian with real spectrum and (iii) non-Hermitian but PT -symmetric. In the case when H α, β is non-Hermitian having real spectrum, we derive a closed formula for a family of the metric operators, depending on two arbitrary real positive parameters, which render the Hamiltonian H α, β Hermitian. In a particular case we calculate the Hermitian counterpart of H α, β .
We present a generalization of the perturbative construction of the metric operator for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with more than one perturbation parameter. We use this method to study the non-Hermitian scattering Hamiltonian H = p 2 /2 m + ζ − δ(x + α) + ζ + δ(x − α), where ζ ± and α are respectively complex and real parameters and δ(x) is the Dirac delta function. For regions in the space of coupling constants ζ ± where H is quasi-Hermitian and there are no complex bound states or spectral singularities, we construct a (positive-definite) metric operator η and the corresponding equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian h . η turns out to be a (perturbatively) bounded operator for the cases where the imaginary part of the coupling constants have the opposite sign, ℑ(ζ + ) = −ℑ(ζ − ). This in particular contains the -symmetric case: ζ + = ζ* − . We also calculate the energy expectation values for certain Gaussian wave packets to study the nonlocal nature of h or equivalently the non-Hermitian nature of H . We show that these physical quantities are not directly sensitive to the presence of the -symmetry.
The harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, when augmented by a non-Hermitian -symmetric part, can be transformed into a Hermitian Hamiltonian. This is achieved by introducing a metric which, in general, renders other observables such as the usual momentum or position as non-Hermitian operators. The metric depends on one real parameter, the full range of which is investigated. The explicit functional dependence of the metric and each associated Hamiltonian is given. A specific choice of this parameter determines a specific combination of position and momentum as being an observable; this can be in particular either standard position or momentum, but not both simultaneously. Singularities of the metric are explored and their removability is investigated. The physical significance of these findings is discussed.