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IEEE Communications Letters

Secrecy Rate for MISO Rayleigh Fading Channels with Relative Distance of Eavesdropper

Namseok Chang, Chan‐Byoung Chae, Jeongseok Ha, Joonhyuk Kang

Published Jul 9, 2012• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this letter, we extend the results of secure transmission with artificial noise over multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channels. There is a case such that the transmitter knows the relative distance of the eavesdropper. That is, it knows the distance from itself to the eavesdropper divided by its distance to the legitimate receiver. The study found that when the transmitter utilizes information about the relative distance of the passive eavesdropper, the system can achieve a significant increase in its secrecy rate. This work may be useful evaluating a secure communication system in where a secure-zone is enforced and is accessible, exclusively, to the legitimate receiver.

DOI
10.1109/lcomm.2012.070512.120519

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In this letter, we extend the results of secure transmission with artificial noise over multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channels. There is a case such that the transmitter knows the relative distance of the eavesdropper. That is, it knows the distance from itself to the eavesdropper divided by its distance to the legitimate receiver. The study found that when the transmitter utilizes information about the relative distance of the passive eavesdropper, the system can achieve a significant increase in its secrecy rate. This work may be useful evaluating a secure communication system in where a secure-zone is enforced and is accessible, exclusively, to the legitimate receiver.
The use of multiple-antenna arrays can leverage the physical-layer security of wireless systems. It is therefore important to characterize such systems in a realistic situation where we can apply the so-called artificial-noise solution in multiple-antenna systems to enhance the communication confidentiality by only exploiting a fading nature of wireless environments. In this paper, we consider secure communication over a multiple-input single-output Rayleigh-fading channel in the presence of a multiple-antenna eavesdropper-referred to as a multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) wiretap channel. Specifically, secure beamforming with artificial noise is treated when the transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate channel but only channel distribution information of an eavesdropper channel. We first put forth a new notion of the symbol error probability (SEP) of confidential information-called the δ-secrecy SEP-to connect the reliability and confidentiality of the legitimate communication. We then quantify the diversity impact of secure beamforming with artificial noise on the δ-secrecy SEP in the MISOME wiretap channel and show that the artificial-noise strategy preserves the secrecy diversity of order nt- nefor nttransmit and neeavesdropper antennas.
We investigate the physical layer security of a multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel in the presence of a multi-antenna passive eavesdropper. Traditionally, artificial noise (AN) scheme is an efficient security strategy without the channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper. In this paper, we propose and analyze an efficient security scheme called the artificial fast fading (AFF) scheme. The basic idea is to randomly weight the information symbols at different transmit antennas in a special manner so that the channel of the intended receiver is an AWGN channel while that of the eavesdropper is a fast fading channel. This prevents the eavesdropper obtaining the CSI using the blind channel estimation techniques so that it can only detect the information symbols in a non-coherent way, which greatly reduces the amount of information intercepted. More importantly, we derive the achievable secrecy rate of the sheme and provide a low bound of it, which can be numerically calculated. Compared with the exact secrecy rate of the AN scheme, even the low bound of the AFF scheme is larger, when the eavesdropper has more antennas than the transmitter.
The artificial noise (AN) scheme is an efficient strategy for enhancing the secrecy rate of a multiple-input-single-output channel in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, whose channel state information is unavailable. Recently, a randomized beamforming scheme has been proposed for deteriorating the eavesdropper's bit-error-rate performance via corrupting its receiving signal by time-varying multiplicative noise. However, the secrecy rate of such a scheme has not been well addressed yet. In this paper, we name it the artificial fast fading (AFF) scheme and provide a comprehensive secrecy rate analysis for it. We show that with this scheme, the eavesdropper will face a noncoherent Ricean fading single-input-multiple-output channel. Although the closed-form secrecy rate is difficult to obtain, we derive an exact expression for the single-antenna-eavesdropper case and a lower bound for the multiantenna-eavesdropper case, both of which can be numerically calculated conveniently. Furthermore, we compare the AFF scheme with the AN scheme and show that their respective superiorities to each other depend on the number of antennas that the transmitter and the eavesdropper possessed, i.e., when the eavesdropper has more antennas than the transmitter does, the AFF scheme achieves a larger secrecy rate; otherwise, the AN scheme outperforms. Motivated by this observation, we propose a hybrid AN-AFF scheme and investigate the power allocation problem, which achieves better secrecy performance further.
In this paper, we investigate the impact of relative distance and large-scale fading of legitimate user and eavesdropper on the artificial noise (AN) assisted secrecy scheme in a multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channel. We show that AN does not always improve the achievable ergodic secrecy rate (ESR), and provide an exact signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold below which AN does not work. We also derive approximately closed-form expressions of AN secrecy gain, which is defined as the difference between the ESR with AN and without AN. Analytical and numerical results verify that the relative distance impacts greatly on the SNR threshold and the AN secrecy gain.
We consider transmission of confidential data over multiple-input single-output multiple-eavesdropper (MISOME) Rayleigh-fading wiretap channels. The transmitter has access to full channel state information (CSI) of a legitimate link but only partial CSI of an eavesdropper link in forms of the average received signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR). In this location-aware scenario, we develop the optimal power allocation strategy that maximizes the secrecy rate achievable by beamforming. The optimal power control is regulated in an on-off fashion with the threshold depending only on the numbers of antennas and the average SNRs. By rescuing the vanishing high-SNR degree of freedom for secure communication from this optimal on-off beamforming with the artificial noise scheme, we further derive the achievable ergodic secrecy rate of MISOME wiretap channels in closed form.
Secrecy on the physical layer is a promising technique to simplify the overall cross-layer secrecy concept. In many recent works on the multiple antenna wiretap channel, perfect channel state information to the intended receiver as well as the passive eavesdropper are assumed. In this paper, the transmitter has only partial information about the channel to the eavesdropper, but full information on the main channel to the intended receiver. The applied channel model is the flat-fading multiple-input single-output wiretap channel. We minimize the outage probability of secure transmission under single-stream beamforming and the use of artificial noise in the null space of the main channel. Furthermore, we derive a suboptimal beamforming scheme based on a Markov bound, which performs reasonably well. The results generalize the cases with perfect as well as without channel state information of the eavesdropper channel. Numerical simulations illustrate the secrecy outage probability over the degree of channel knowledge and confirm the theoretical results.